Cognitive Stimulation Therapy: Difference between revisions
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==== How is Cognitive Stimulation Therapy administered? ==== | ==== How is Cognitive Stimulation Therapy administered? ==== | ||
CST is offered as a group based therapy for patients with similar cognitive abilities. This program is offered for seven weeks duration for a total of 14 visits. | CST is offered as a group based therapy for patients with dementia with similar cognitive abilities. This program is offered for seven weeks duration for a total of 14 visits. Different topics are covered during these sessions which range from childhood memories, current events and activities like baking, word search etc. The sessions usually start with a warm up song and utilize a reality orientation board with group information which helps to maintain some continuity between the sessions. | ||
CST can be administered in a community setting and long term care homes. A study conducted in an acute care setting provided a modified CST program for patients with dementia admitted in the hospital. This study found that CST was perceived to be enjoyable for both patients and their caregivers. <ref>McAulay J, Streater A. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30379561/ Delivery of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for people with dementia in an inpatient setting (innovative practice).] Dementia. 2020 Oct;19(7):2513-20.</ref> | |||
The premise of CST is to offer mind stimulating activities in a non threatening environment. | |||
Revision as of 01:25, 29 November 2021
What is Cognitive Stimulation Therapy?[edit | edit source]
Cognitive stimulation therapy or CST is a non-pharmacological,[1] evidence based, approach to treat the complex behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD)[2] seen in patients with dementia.[3] BPSD can range from mood changes, disruptive behaviors, hallucinations, aggression, agitation, sleep disturbance, motor changes, apathy, depression and memory loss.[3]
These behavioural and psychological symptoms are associated with adverse patient outcomes resulting in feelings of isolation and helplessness, increased risk of falls, injuries, and decreased quality of life.[4] Apart from patient outcomes, BPSD is also associated with caregiver burnout and increased hospitalization rates, and admission to skilled facilities.[5]
CST was developed in the UK by Dr. Spector and her team. It is recognized by The National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence ( NICE, UK) as an evidence based psychosocial intervention for the management of mild to moderate dementia which helps to improve patient confidence, cognition, social interaction and quality of life.[6]
How is Cognitive Stimulation Therapy administered?[edit | edit source]
CST is offered as a group based therapy for patients with dementia with similar cognitive abilities. This program is offered for seven weeks duration for a total of 14 visits. Different topics are covered during these sessions which range from childhood memories, current events and activities like baking, word search etc. The sessions usually start with a warm up song and utilize a reality orientation board with group information which helps to maintain some continuity between the sessions.
CST can be administered in a community setting and long term care homes. A study conducted in an acute care setting provided a modified CST program for patients with dementia admitted in the hospital. This study found that CST was perceived to be enjoyable for both patients and their caregivers. [7]
The premise of CST is to offer mind stimulating activities in a non threatening environment.
- ↑ YY Szeto J, JG Lewis S. Current treatment options for Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease dementia. Current neuropharmacology. 2016 May 1;14(4):326-38.
- ↑ Abraha I, Rimland JM, Trotta FM, Dell'Aquila G, Cruz-Jentoft A, Petrovic M, Gudmundsson A, Soiza R, O'Mahony D, Guaita A, Cherubini A. Systematic review of systematic reviews of non-pharmacological interventions to treat behavioural disturbances in older patients with dementia. The SENATOR-OnTop series. BMJ open. 2017 Mar 1;7(3):e012759.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ohno Y, Kunisawa N, Shimizu S. Antipsychotic treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD): management of extrapyramidal side effects. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2019 Sep 17;10:1045.
- ↑ Franchi B. Pharmacological management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research. 2016 Sep;46(3):277-85.
- ↑ Feast, A., Moniz-Cook, E., Stoner, C., Charlesworth, G. and Orrell, M., 2016. A systematic review of the relationship between behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) and caregiver well-being. International psychogeriatrics, 28(11), pp.1761-1774.
- ↑ Richmond E. Running cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) groups as part of Core Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) work [Internet]. NICE. 2019 [cited 2021Nov26]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/sharedlearning/running-cognitive-stimulation-therapy-cst-groups-as-part-of-core-community-mental-health-team-cmht-work
- ↑ McAulay J, Streater A. Delivery of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for people with dementia in an inpatient setting (innovative practice). Dementia. 2020 Oct;19(7):2513-20.
