Cognitive Stimulation Therapy: Difference between revisions

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=== What is Cognitive Stimulation Therapy? ===
=== What is Cognitive Stimulation Therapy? ===
Cognitive stimulation therapy or CST is a non-pharmacological,<ref>YY Szeto J, JG Lewis S. Current treatment options for Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease dementia. Current neuropharmacology. 2016 May 1;14(4):326-38.</ref> evidence based  approach to treat the complex behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD)<ref>Abraha I, Rimland JM, Trotta FM, Dell'Aquila G, Cruz-Jentoft A, Petrovic M, Gudmundsson A, Soiza R, O'Mahony D, Guaita A, Cherubini A. Systematic review of systematic reviews of non-pharmacological interventions to treat behavioural disturbances in older patients with dementia. The SENATOR-OnTop series. BMJ open. 2017 Mar 1;7(3):e012759.</ref> seen in patients with dementia.<ref name=":0">Ohno Y, Kunisawa N, Shimizu S. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6758594/ Antipsychotic treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD): management of extrapyramidal side effects.] Frontiers in pharmacology. 2019 Sep 17;10:1045.</ref> BPSD can range from mood changes, disruptive behaviors, hallucinations, aggression, agitation, sleep disturbance, motor changes, apathy, depression and memory loss.<ref name=":0" />
Cognitive stimulation therapy or CST is a non-pharmacological,<ref>YY Szeto J, JG Lewis S. Current treatment options for Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease dementia. Current neuropharmacology. 2016 May 1;14(4):326-38.</ref> evidence based, approach to treat the complex behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD)<ref>Abraha I, Rimland JM, Trotta FM, Dell'Aquila G, Cruz-Jentoft A, Petrovic M, Gudmundsson A, Soiza R, O'Mahony D, Guaita A, Cherubini A. Systematic review of systematic reviews of non-pharmacological interventions to treat behavioural disturbances in older patients with dementia. The SENATOR-OnTop series. BMJ open. 2017 Mar 1;7(3):e012759.</ref> seen in patients with dementia.<ref name=":0">Ohno Y, Kunisawa N, Shimizu S. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6758594/ Antipsychotic treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD): management of extrapyramidal side effects.] Frontiers in pharmacology. 2019 Sep 17;10:1045.</ref> BPSD can range from mood changes, disruptive behaviors, hallucinations, aggression, agitation, sleep disturbance, motor changes, apathy, depression and memory loss.<ref name=":0" />


These behavioural and psychological symptoms are associated with adverse patient outcomes resulting in feelings of isolation and helplessness, increased risk of falls, injuries, and decreased quality of life.<ref>Franchi B. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jppr.1260 Pharmacological management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.] Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research. 2016 Sep;46(3):277-85.</ref> Apart from patient outcomes, BPSD is also associated with caregiver burnout and increased hospitalization rates, and admission to skilled facilities.<ref>Feast, A., Moniz-Cook, E., Stoner, C., Charlesworth, G. and Orrell, M., 2016. A systematic review of the relationship between behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) and caregiver well-being. ''International psychogeriatrics'', ''28''(11), pp.1761-1774.</ref>
These behavioural and psychological symptoms are associated with adverse patient outcomes resulting in feelings of isolation and helplessness, increased risk of falls, injuries, and decreased quality of life.<ref>Franchi B. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jppr.1260 Pharmacological management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.] Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research. 2016 Sep;46(3):277-85.</ref> Apart from patient outcomes, BPSD is also associated with caregiver burnout and increased hospitalization rates, and admission to skilled facilities.<ref>Feast, A., Moniz-Cook, E., Stoner, C., Charlesworth, G. and Orrell, M., 2016. A systematic review of the relationship between behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) and caregiver well-being. ''International psychogeriatrics'', ''28''(11), pp.1761-1774.</ref>


CST was developed in the UK by Dr. Spector and her team. The National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence recognizes CST as the only psychosocial intervention for the management of mild to moderate dementia.
CST was developed in the UK by Dr. Spector and her team. It is recognized by The National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence ( NICE, UK) as an evidence based psychosocial intervention for the management of mild to moderate dementia which helps to improve patient confidence, cognition, social interaction and quality of life.<ref>Richmond E. Running cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) groups as part of Core Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) work [Internet]. NICE. 2019 [cited 2021Nov26]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/sharedlearning/running-cognitive-stimulation-therapy-cst-groups-as-part-of-core-community-mental-health-team-cmht-work</ref>
 
==== How is Cognitive Stimulation Therapy administered? ====
CST  is offered as a group based therapy for patients with similar cognitive abilities. This program is offered for  seven weeks duration for a total of 14 visits. Patients attend these sessions twice/ week. The premise of CST is to offer mind stimulating activities in a non threatening environment. Activities can include

Revision as of 23:52, 28 November 2021

What is Cognitive Stimulation Therapy?[edit | edit source]

Cognitive stimulation therapy or CST is a non-pharmacological,[1] evidence based, approach to treat the complex behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD)[2] seen in patients with dementia.[3] BPSD can range from mood changes, disruptive behaviors, hallucinations, aggression, agitation, sleep disturbance, motor changes, apathy, depression and memory loss.[3]

These behavioural and psychological symptoms are associated with adverse patient outcomes resulting in feelings of isolation and helplessness, increased risk of falls, injuries, and decreased quality of life.[4] Apart from patient outcomes, BPSD is also associated with caregiver burnout and increased hospitalization rates, and admission to skilled facilities.[5]

CST was developed in the UK by Dr. Spector and her team. It is recognized by The National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence ( NICE, UK) as an evidence based psychosocial intervention for the management of mild to moderate dementia which helps to improve patient confidence, cognition, social interaction and quality of life.[6]

How is Cognitive Stimulation Therapy administered?[edit | edit source]

CST is offered as a group based therapy for patients with similar cognitive abilities. This program is offered for seven weeks duration for a total of 14 visits. Patients attend these sessions twice/ week. The premise of CST is to offer mind stimulating activities in a non threatening environment. Activities can include

  1. ↑ YY Szeto J, JG Lewis S. Current treatment options for Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease dementia. Current neuropharmacology. 2016 May 1;14(4):326-38.
  2. ↑ Abraha I, Rimland JM, Trotta FM, Dell'Aquila G, Cruz-Jentoft A, Petrovic M, Gudmundsson A, Soiza R, O'Mahony D, Guaita A, Cherubini A. Systematic review of systematic reviews of non-pharmacological interventions to treat behavioural disturbances in older patients with dementia. The SENATOR-OnTop series. BMJ open. 2017 Mar 1;7(3):e012759.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ohno Y, Kunisawa N, Shimizu S. Antipsychotic treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD): management of extrapyramidal side effects. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2019 Sep 17;10:1045.
  4. ↑ Franchi B. Pharmacological management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research. 2016 Sep;46(3):277-85.
  5. ↑ Feast, A., Moniz-Cook, E., Stoner, C., Charlesworth, G. and Orrell, M., 2016. A systematic review of the relationship between behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) and caregiver well-being. International psychogeriatrics, 28(11), pp.1761-1774.
  6. ↑ Richmond E. Running cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) groups as part of Core Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) work [Internet]. NICE. 2019 [cited 2021Nov26]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/sharedlearning/running-cognitive-stimulation-therapy-cst-groups-as-part-of-core-community-mental-health-team-cmht-work
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