Cerebral Atrophy: Difference between revisions
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Cerebral atrophy or Brain atrophy is a condition associated with a reduction of brain volume by loss of neurons and their connections.<ref name=":0">Sungura R, Onyambu C, Mpolya E, Sauli E, Vianney JM. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214751920304369 The extended scope of neuroimaging and prospects in brain atrophy mitigation: a systematic review]. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery. 2021 Mar 1;23:100875.</ref> | Cerebral atrophy or Brain atrophy is a condition associated with a reduction of brain volume by loss of neurons and their connections.<ref name=":0">Sungura R, Onyambu C, Mpolya E, Sauli E, Vianney JM. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214751920304369 The extended scope of neuroimaging and prospects in brain atrophy mitigation: a systematic review]. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery. 2021 Mar 1;23:100875.</ref> | ||
Brain atrophy is common in elderly due to aging process; known as senile degeneration. However, brain atrophy can also be observed in the pediatric age group, where it carries forward the small volume of the brain into middle age. It is important to note that some atrophic changes may be reversed during childhood. | |||
In the normal aging, brain atrophy tends to be accelerated by the presence of other risk factors such as high blood pressure [[/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214751920304369#b0045|[9]]], cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, smoking practice, and regular alcohol intake. It's been observed that glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was noted to be the most significant risk factor for accelerating of brain atrophy, which is average blood sugar levels over a period of weeks/months. | |||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
There are many factors cause atrophy;<ref name=":0" /> | There are many factors cause atrophy;<ref name=":0" /> | ||
1. Aging | 1. Aging | ||
2. Infections of central nervous system (CNS) | 2. Infections of central nervous system (CNS) | ||
3. Nutritional deficiency | 3. Nutritional deficiency | ||
4. Metabolic and endocrine causes | 4. Metabolic and endocrine causes | ||
5. Traumatic causes | 5. Traumatic causes | ||
6. Drug induced brain atrophy | 6. Drug induced brain atrophy | ||
7. Radiation induced brain atrophy | 7. Radiation induced brain atrophy | ||
8. Increased intracranial pressure | 8. Increased intracranial pressure | ||
9. Perinatal and birth injury induced atrophy | 9. Perinatal and birth injury induced atrophy | ||
10. Neurodegenerative diseases causing brain atrophy | 10. Neurodegenerative diseases causing brain atrophy | ||
11. Other causes | 11. Other causes | ||
== Clinical picture == | |||
There are various clinical features of cerebral atrophy like poor levels of intelligence especially in growing children. Memory loss is common among elderly individuals. Elderly patients with brain atrophy often experience acute confusional state. | |||
Brain atrophy can result in loss of functional recovery following an infarct, which may also lead to death due to poor brain functioning. | |||
== Conditions == | == Conditions == | ||
Brain atrophy does not always occur in isolation; unlike some other conditions such as leukoariosis and stroke are known to accompany brain atrophy.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
Alz | Alz | ||
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== Neuroimaging == | == Neuroimaging == | ||
The features appear in imaging may include the following; | |||
* Widening of cortical sulci | |||
* Enlargement of ventricles | |||
* Thinning of cortex | |||
* Shrinking of hippocampus | |||
== Management == | == Management == | ||
Revision as of 01:20, 17 December 2023
Original Editor - Rahma Ahmed Ahmed Bahbah
Top Contributors - Rahma Ahmed Ahmed Bahbah and Lucinda hampton
This article or area is currently under construction and may only be partially complete. Please come back soon to see the finished work! (17/12/2023)
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Cerebral atrophy or Brain atrophy is a condition associated with a reduction of brain volume by loss of neurons and their connections.[1]
Brain atrophy is common in elderly due to aging process; known as senile degeneration. However, brain atrophy can also be observed in the pediatric age group, where it carries forward the small volume of the brain into middle age. It is important to note that some atrophic changes may be reversed during childhood.
In the normal aging, brain atrophy tends to be accelerated by the presence of other risk factors such as high blood pressure [9], cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, smoking practice, and regular alcohol intake. It's been observed that glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was noted to be the most significant risk factor for accelerating of brain atrophy, which is average blood sugar levels over a period of weeks/months.
Causes[edit | edit source]
There are many factors cause atrophy;[1]
1. Aging
2. Infections of central nervous system (CNS)
3. Nutritional deficiency
4. Metabolic and endocrine causes
5. Traumatic causes
6. Drug induced brain atrophy
7. Radiation induced brain atrophy
8. Increased intracranial pressure
9. Perinatal and birth injury induced atrophy
10. Neurodegenerative diseases causing brain atrophy
11. Other causes
Clinical picture[edit | edit source]
There are various clinical features of cerebral atrophy like poor levels of intelligence especially in growing children. Memory loss is common among elderly individuals. Elderly patients with brain atrophy often experience acute confusional state.
Brain atrophy can result in loss of functional recovery following an infarct, which may also lead to death due to poor brain functioning.
Conditions[edit | edit source]
Brain atrophy does not always occur in isolation; unlike some other conditions such as leukoariosis and stroke are known to accompany brain atrophy.[1]
Alz
posterior cortical
....
Neuroimaging[edit | edit source]
The features appear in imaging may include the following;
- Widening of cortical sulci
- Enlargement of ventricles
- Thinning of cortex
- Shrinking of hippocampus
Management[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Sungura R, Onyambu C, Mpolya E, Sauli E, Vianney JM. The extended scope of neuroimaging and prospects in brain atrophy mitigation: a systematic review. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery. 2021 Mar 1;23:100875.
