Cardiac Depression Scale

 Cardiac Depression Scale 

Objective 

The scale's main aim is to asess depression in cardiac patient. The CDS was developed as a depression scale primarily to asess depression in a cardica setup and in cardiac patient. CDS is a self report 26 item, seven point likert type scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree(7). The score can range from a score of 26 to a maximum score of 182. The items 2,4,12,15,19,20 and 23 are reversed scored (1=7, 2=6, 3=5, 4=4, 6=2, 7=1). The higher the score the more depressive symptoms patient will exhibit.

Intended Population

The traget population is cardiac patients with diagnosed cardiac diseases. The scale has been tested on following population

• Adult cardiac disease  patient example includes coronary artery disease, heart failure, post myocardial infarction, valve disease, arrythmias, ischaemic heart disease etc.

Method of Use 

Equipment Required

Test paper and pencil 

General Instructions

The test reqires no formal training. And takes only 5 minutes to administer.The scale is of self report type, so patient is properly instructed to fill the scale ensuring proper scoring.

The Scale

The questionnaire consists of a number of statements about the way patient feel at present.
Next to each statement there is a rating scale from 1 to 7 for patient  to indicate how much you agree or disagree with the statement.

Strongly disagree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Strongly agree

The scale has 26 questions or statements for which patient marks from 1 to 7 and the final reading is taken.

Reliability and Validity

The interrater and the intrarrater reliability has not been established. In a validation study done in UK poulation for CDS. A battery of questionnaires (the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 [SF-36] Health Survey, the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI], the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS] and the Cardiac Depression Scale [CDS]) were used to find out the reliability of CDS.The results demonstrated high internal reliability  (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93) and an acceptable test-retest reliability (0.79). Concurrent validation against the SF-36, BDI and HADS demonstrated strong correlations². In an other study CDS was used in men recovering from CABG surgery. The result of study showed Excellent correlation with Beck Depression Inventory (r = 0.751, 0.787, 0.737, 0.819) at baseline, 6, 12, and 36 weeks respectively³.

Conclusion

The Cardiac Depression Scale is under copyright. Further information can be obtained from Dr. Samia Toukhsati at [email protected] or Professor David Hare at [email protected]

References

1.Hare DL, Davis CR. Cardiac Depression Scale: validation of a new depression scale for cardiac patients. Journal of psychosomatic research. 1996 Apr 30;40(4):379-86.

2. Birks Y, Roebuck A, Thompson DR. A validation study of the Cardiac Depression Scale (CDS) in a UK population. British journal of health psychology. 2004 Feb 1;9(1):15-24.

3.King KM, Colella TJ, Faris P, Thompson DR. Using the cardiac depression scale in men recovering from coronary artery bypass surgery. Journal of clinical nursing. 2009 Jun 1;18(11):1617-24.

4.Kiropoulos LA, Meredith I, Tonkin A, Clarke D, Antonis P, Plunkett J. Psychometric properties of the cardiac depression scale in patients with coronary heart disease. BMC psychiatry. 2012 Dec 3;12(1):1.