British Sign Language Cognitive Screening Test: Difference between revisions

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Introduction  
== Introduction ==
The British Sign Language Cognitive Screening Test is a screening tool for cognition assessment written in British Sign Language that is used to identify dementia and acquired cognitive impairment in elderly deaf individuals.  It can be used to detect neurodegeneration or as a clinical baseline for future comparison. <ref name=":0">DCAL [Internet]. Dcalportal.org. 2015 [cited 2024 Feb 21]. Available from: <nowiki>https://dcalportal.org/tests/cst#:~:text=What%20is%20it%3F,impairment%20in%20older%20deaf%20adults</nowiki>.


The British Sign Language Cognitive Screening Test is a screening tool for assessing cognition designed wholly in British Sign Language, to help detect dementia and acquired cognitive impairment in older deaf adults.  It can be used to detect neurodegeneration, or as a clinical baseline for future comparison.
‌</ref>


It is designed to screen all areas of cognition, with items relating to memory, language, executive function, visuospatial ability, orientation and attention. This test is used to assess acquired congntive problems only.
This test is used to assess acquired cognitive problems only. It is designed to screen all areas of cognition, with items relating to:


Administration
* Memory,
* Language,
* Executive function,
* Visuospatial ability,
* Orientation, and
* Attention.


The BSL congnitive screening test is a clinician operated test with standarised items and video instructions present through video to the respondent in Sign langiage. This test takes up to 30 to 45 minutes.
== Administration ==
This test takes up to 30 to 45 minutes. The BSL cognitive screening test is a clinician operated test with standardised items and video instructions presented through video to the respondent in sign language.  


population
== Population ==


older deaf adults aged between 50-89 years concerning changes in cognition.
* Older deaf adults aged between 50-89 years are concerned about changes in cognition.
* Younger deaf adults. <ref name=":0" />


Younger deaf adults.
=== Not Applicable ===
This test cannot be used to measure cognition in deaf adults with developmental and learning disabilities. <ref name=":0" />


Not used
== Test Procedure ==
It is designed for administration in clinical and community settings, with questions and instructions presented in BSL video format on a laptop and taking 30 to 45 minutes to complete. The respondent views the video and signs his/her response to each test item. The investigator is present during testing and records responses on the score sheet. Clarification is provided where instructions are not understood, and video clips may be repeated. Test sessions are video recorded to enable scoring to be double checked.


this test cannot be used for to mesure cognition in deaf adults with developmental and learning disabilities..  
== Evidence ==
Previous studies have shown that utilising an interpreter for cognitive evaluation is unreliable because hearing oral speakers and deaf signers have different languages and cultures, (Hill-Briggs ''et al.'', 2007; Dean ''et al''., 2009).<ref name=":1">Luna S, Joubert S, J. Gagné. ADAPTATION OF THE BRITISH SIGN LANGUAGE COGNITIVE SCREENING TEST IN QUéBEC SIGN LANGUAGE. Innovation in Aging [Internet]. 2017 Jun 30 [cited 2024 Feb 21];1(suppl_1):775–5. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6250166/</nowiki>


Test Procedure
‌</ref>


It is designed for administration in clinical and community settings, with questions and instructions presented in BSL video format on a laptop and taking 30– 45 min to complete. The respondent views the video and signs his/her response to each test item. The investigator is present during testing and records responses on the score sheet. Clarification is provided where instructions are not understood and video clips may be repeated. Test sessions are video recorded to enable scoring to be double checked
Atkinson et al. (2015) state that sign language should be used in the development of assessments that are used to determine the cognitive impairments of older adult deaf participants.<ref name=":1" />


evidence
Verbal language ability and verbal memory are measured on these tests, and the results are compared to norms from the general population. Since both domains are known to be poor in prelingually deaf people's cognitive profiles, they will necessarily be invalid for deaf individuals. (see Baker & Baker, 2011). <ref name=":1" />


previous research reported the unreliability of using an interpreter for cognitive evaluation due to language and cultural differences between deaf signers and hearing oral speakers (Hill-Briggs ''et al.'', 2007; Dean ''et al''., 2009).
The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) do not translate well to sign language. <ref name=":2">Atkinson J, Denmark T, Marshall J, Woll B. Detecting Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Deaf People: The British Sign Language Cognitive Screening Test [Internet]. ResearchGate. Oxford University Press; 2015 [cited 2024 Feb 21]. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280871514_Detecting_Cognitive_Impairment_and_Dementia_in_Deaf_People_The_British_Sign_Language_Cognitive_Screening_Test</nowiki>


According to Atkinson ''et al.'' (2015), the assessment tools to evaluate cognitive deficits of older adult deaf signers should be designed in sign language.
‌</ref>


these tests measure verbal language ability and verbal memory, with scores referenced against norms from the general population; these domains are known to be weak in the cognitive profiles of prelingually deaf people and will inevitably lack validity for deaf people (see Baker & Baker, 2011 f
Written instructions are not used with Deaf individuals due to their low literacy rates.<ref name=":1" />


Mini mental State Exaination(MMSE), the Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) and Montreal Cogniive Assessment (MoCA) donot tranlate effectively to sign language.  
BSL video instructions ensured standardized administration, which is impossible to achieve using paper-based tests as BSL has no written form. <ref name=":1" />


Deaf people have poor literacy which is whhy we dont use writen instruction.
== Scoring ==
The maximum BSL-CST score of 110 points is composed of seven component scores:


BSL video instructions ensured standardized administration, which isimpossibleto achieve using paper-basedtests as BSL has no written form.
* Orientation (9 points),  
* Attention (11),
* Memory (27),
* Fluency (7),
* Language (39)
* Visuospatial/perceptual (11), and
* Executive function (6). <ref name=":2" />


Scoring
== British Sign Language: Cognitive Screening Test ==
 
[[File:BSL CST Portal Score sheet.pdf|center|thumb|501x501px|BSL- Cognitive Screening Test ]]
The maximum BSL-CST score of 110 points is composed of seven component scores: orientation (9 points), attention (11), memory (27), fluency (7), language (39) visuospatial/perceptual (11), and executive function (6). O
'''<code><nowiki>{{pdf|BSL%20CST%20Portal%20Score%20sheet.pdf|BSL%20CST%20Portal%20Score%20sheet.pdf}}</nowiki></code>'''

Revision as of 08:15, 21 February 2024

Introduction[edit | edit source]

The British Sign Language Cognitive Screening Test is a screening tool for cognition assessment written in British Sign Language that is used to identify dementia and acquired cognitive impairment in elderly deaf individuals. It can be used to detect neurodegeneration or as a clinical baseline for future comparison. [1]

This test is used to assess acquired cognitive problems only. It is designed to screen all areas of cognition, with items relating to:

  • Memory,
  • Language,
  • Executive function,
  • Visuospatial ability,
  • Orientation, and
  • Attention.

Administration[edit | edit source]

This test takes up to 30 to 45 minutes. The BSL cognitive screening test is a clinician operated test with standardised items and video instructions presented through video to the respondent in sign language.

Population[edit | edit source]

  • Older deaf adults aged between 50-89 years are concerned about changes in cognition.
  • Younger deaf adults. [1]

Not Applicable[edit | edit source]

This test cannot be used to measure cognition in deaf adults with developmental and learning disabilities. [1]

Test Procedure[edit | edit source]

It is designed for administration in clinical and community settings, with questions and instructions presented in BSL video format on a laptop and taking 30 to 45 minutes to complete. The respondent views the video and signs his/her response to each test item. The investigator is present during testing and records responses on the score sheet. Clarification is provided where instructions are not understood, and video clips may be repeated. Test sessions are video recorded to enable scoring to be double checked.

Evidence[edit | edit source]

Previous studies have shown that utilising an interpreter for cognitive evaluation is unreliable because hearing oral speakers and deaf signers have different languages and cultures, (Hill-Briggs et al., 2007; Dean et al., 2009).[2]

Atkinson et al. (2015) state that sign language should be used in the development of assessments that are used to determine the cognitive impairments of older adult deaf participants.[2]

Verbal language ability and verbal memory are measured on these tests, and the results are compared to norms from the general population. Since both domains are known to be poor in prelingually deaf people's cognitive profiles, they will necessarily be invalid for deaf individuals. (see Baker & Baker, 2011). [2]

The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) do not translate well to sign language. [3]

Written instructions are not used with Deaf individuals due to their low literacy rates.[2]

BSL video instructions ensured standardized administration, which is impossible to achieve using paper-based tests as BSL has no written form. [2]

Scoring[edit | edit source]

The maximum BSL-CST score of 110 points is composed of seven component scores:

  • Orientation (9 points),
  • Attention (11),
  • Memory (27),
  • Fluency (7),
  • Language (39)
  • Visuospatial/perceptual (11), and
  • Executive function (6). [3]

British Sign Language: Cognitive Screening Test[edit | edit source]

BSL- Cognitive Screening Test

{{pdf|BSL%20CST%20Portal%20Score%20sheet.pdf|BSL%20CST%20Portal%20Score%20sheet.pdf}}

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 DCAL [Internet]. Dcalportal.org. 2015 [cited 2024 Feb 21]. Available from: https://dcalportal.org/tests/cst#:~:text=What%20is%20it%3F,impairment%20in%20older%20deaf%20adults. ‌
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Luna S, Joubert S, J. Gagné. ADAPTATION OF THE BRITISH SIGN LANGUAGE COGNITIVE SCREENING TEST IN QUéBEC SIGN LANGUAGE. Innovation in Aging [Internet]. 2017 Jun 30 [cited 2024 Feb 21];1(suppl_1):775–5. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6250166/ ‌
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Atkinson J, Denmark T, Marshall J, Woll B. Detecting Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Deaf People: The British Sign Language Cognitive Screening Test [Internet]. ResearchGate. Oxford University Press; 2015 [cited 2024 Feb 21]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280871514_Detecting_Cognitive_Impairment_and_Dementia_in_Deaf_People_The_British_Sign_Language_Cognitive_Screening_Test ‌
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