Bradykinesia: Difference between revisions

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* Reduced arm swings when walking  
* Reduced arm swings when walking  
* Shuffling steps when walking
* Shuffling steps when walking
* Small cramped handwriting


== Bradykinesia Assessment ==
== Bradykinesia Assessment ==
Rapid alternating movements in the upper and lower extremity can be used to establish the diagnosis of bradykinesia in a patient. During these movements, the examiner looks out for a decline in the rate and/or amplitude of movement.  
Rapid alternating movements in the upper and lower extremity can be used to establish the diagnosis of bradykinesia in a patient. During these movements, the examiner looks out for a decline in the rate and/or amplitude of movement.<ref>Jankovic J. Parkinson’s disease: Clinical features and diagnosis. J Neurol, Neurosurg & Psychiatr. 2008;79(4):368–76.</ref>


Bradykinesia can be assessed with the following test:
Bradykinesia can be assessed with the following test:

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Introduction[edit | edit source]

Bradykinesia is a term used to describe slowness of movement. It usually manifest as difficulty initiating movement , reduced movement and can impact an individual's ability to carry out activities of daily living. Bradykinesia is a classic symptom of Parkinson's disease and can also be a side effect of some medications.

[1]


Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]

  • Hypomimia- loss of or limited facial expressions
  • Difficulty with fine motor activities
  • Reduced arm swings when walking
  • Shuffling steps when walking
  • Small cramped handwriting

Bradykinesia Assessment[edit | edit source]

Rapid alternating movements in the upper and lower extremity can be used to establish the diagnosis of bradykinesia in a patient. During these movements, the examiner looks out for a decline in the rate and/or amplitude of movement.[2]

Bradykinesia can be assessed with the following test:

  • Finger Tapping
  • Fist open/close
  • Pronation/supination of the hand
  • Toe tapping
  • Heel tapping

References[edit | edit source]

  1. Fort Worth Brain and Spine Institiute. Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRGCS-Al3Os
  2. Jankovic J. Parkinson’s disease: Clinical features and diagnosis. J Neurol, Neurosurg & Psychiatr. 2008;79(4):368–76.