Bradykinesia: Difference between revisions
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== Clinical Presentation == | == Clinical Presentation == | ||
* Hypomimia- loss of or limited facial expressions | * Hypomimia- loss of or limited facial expressions | ||
* Hypophonia | |||
* Difficulty with fine motor activities | * Difficulty with fine motor activities | ||
* Reduced arm swings when walking | * Reduced arm swings when walking |
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Bradykinesia is a term used to describe slowness of movement. It usually manifest as difficulty initiating movement , reduced movement and can impact an individual's ability to carry out activities of daily living. Bradykinesia is a classic symptom of Parkinson's disease and can also be a side effect of some medications.
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
- Hypomimia- loss of or limited facial expressions
- Hypophonia
- Difficulty with fine motor activities
- Reduced arm swings when walking
- Shuffling steps when walking
- Small cramped handwriting
Bradykinesia Assessment[edit | edit source]
Rapid alternating movements in the upper and lower extremity can be used to establish the diagnosis of bradykinesia in a patient. During these movements, the examiner looks out for a decline in the rate and/or amplitude of movement.[2]
Bradykinesia can be assessed with the following test:
- Finger Tapping
- Fist open/close
- Pronation/supination of the hand
- Toe tapping
- Heel tapping
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Fort Worth Brain and Spine Institiute. Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRGCS-Al3Os
- ↑ Jankovic J. Parkinson’s disease: Clinical features and diagnosis. J Neurol, Neurosurg & Psychiatr. 2008;79(4):368–76.