Introduction to Sport for People with Disabilities
Original Editor - User Name
Top Contributors - Wanda van Niekerk and Jess Bell
Introduction[edit | edit source]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6krLeYduBY
Benefits of Sports Participation for People Living with Disabilities[edit | edit source]
Aitchison B, Rushton AB, Martin P, Barr M, Soundy A, Heneghan NR. The experiences and perceived health benefits of individuals with a disability participating in sport: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Disability and Health Journal. 2022 Jan 1;15(1):101164.
Children and Adolescents:
pportunity to socialise and create a sense of belonging
team culture experience
cultivating friendships
increased physical and emotional wellbeing
ability to show of achievements and prove other wrong
creating a sense of pride
happiness and enjoyment
increased fitness, functionality and confidence
Adults
Experience camaraderie through being part of a team
Equality and togetherness
Breaking stereotypes and society-imposed limitations
Manage stigma, defy expectations and challenge people's perceptions
Provision of a sense of purpose and meaning
Liberation in feeling free form impairment and not being restricted by perceived limitations
Independence
Empowerment
Acceptance and adaptation of disability can be achieved through sports participation
Increased fitness, functionality, strength and self-confidence
Elite Athletes
Support from team mates
Creating strong interpersonal relationships
Development and growth in dedication, mental toughness
Funding opportunites
Recognition
Improved self confidence
Improved self-esteem
Recreational and Non-Para Sports
Wheelchair dance
https://youtu.be/gtty0SfNPi0
Baseball
Ice-hockey
Watersports
Golfing
Power football
Special Olympics
Mission:
Provision of year-round sporting activities and athletic competitions in a variety of sports for people with intellectual disabilities
Providing continuing opportunities to:
Develop physical fitness
Demonstrate courage
Experience joy
Participate in a sharing of gifts and friendships with their loved ones, other athletes and the community
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vc17w3WVWPA
history of special Olympics video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cGlrCsbIUtg&ab_channel=PBSNewsHour
Read more about Special Olympics https://www.specialolympics.org/
Paralympics
Paralympics are the ultimate competition for world class, elite athletes with physical disabilities. Athletes with disabilities should have opportunities to
pursue their goals
Dream of winning a gold medal
Commit to strenuous training regimes
Meet strict qualification standards
Exist in an environment of excellence and personal best performances
The four core values of the Paralympic movement are: Rocha CM, Hong HJ, Gratao OA. Involvement with the Olympic and Paralympic Games and the values of sport. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events. 2021 Jun 23:1-24.
Courage – “It encompasses the unique spirit of the Paralympic athlete who seeks to accomplish what the general public deems unexpected, but what the athlete knows as a truth.”
Determination – “The manifestation of the idea that Paralympic athletes push their physical ability to the absolute limit.”
Inspiration – “When intense and personal affection is begotten from the stories and accomplishments of Paralympic athletes, and the effect is applying this spirit to one's personal life.”
Equality – “Paralympic Sport acts as an agent for change to break down social barriers of discrimination for persons with an impairment.”
Mandeville Legassy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-rB6QdAa_Y&ab_channel=CLIFFPRODUCTIONS
Paralympic movement https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RMOSDynkw8&ab_channel=ParalympicGames
List of Paralympic Sports
Swimming add video
Athletics videos
Nordic Sports
Alpine sports
Videos
Sledge hockey / para icehockey
Wheelchair rugby
Video
Boccia
Table tennis
Sitting volleyball
Goalball
Powerlifting
Fencing
Football 7 a side and 5 a side
Cycling
Water sports
Rowing
Canoeing
Sailing
Wheelchair tennis
Extreme sports x games, rock climbing, base jumping, skateboarding
Main Organisations
IPC
Committee International des Sports des Sourds – CISS
International Blind Sport Association IBSA
International Sport organisation for disabled
International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair sport federation
Cerebral Palsy – International sport and recreation association
International sport federation for persons with intellectual disability
International wheelchair and amputee sports federation
Special Olympics International
Deafsports
Optional
What other sports are available in your country/ opportunities
Classification
Why classification
To encourage participation rather than exclusion Goodman 1993
To promote the involvement of a reasonable number of participants within a class Goodman 1993
To minimise the influence of impairments on sport outcomes Kruimer, 2000
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Links to ipc classification websites
Classification Table
Sport for individuals without disabilities
Weight
Gender/Sex
Age
Sport for individuals with disabilities
Weight
Gender/biological sex
Age
Type of disability
Functional mobility
Mixed
Members of the Classification team
Medical
Physician
Physiotherapist
Occupational therapist
Sport Technical
Coach
Official
Former athlete
Different Classification Models
Table
Medical Model
Diagnosis specific
Lesion level
Oriented towards the individual’s disability
Functional Model
Sport-specific – uni – disability
7 a side football
Oriented towards the individual’s ability
Integrated Model
Sport-specific – multi diagnosis
Wheelchair basketball and swimming
Oriented towards the individual's ability
Minimal disability
Sport-specific – uni- and multi-diagnosis
5 a side football and sledge hockey
Doping and Cheating in Paralympic Sport
Boosting – Doping Control Programme
Links
Cheating with Classification
Research on Classification
Publications to read:
Two articles James discuss
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Resources[edit | edit source]
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