Quantitative Research
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Quantitative research is a type of research that assumes that the phenomena under study can be measured and involves methods that:
- gather data using measurement (numerical data)
- analyse data by using quantitative statistical analysis techniques.
Quantitative Research Methodology[edit | edit source]
Methodology refers to the overall approach taken in a piece of research; it encompasses the general principles of investigation that guide how a study is designed and conducted in order to answer a particular research question. [2]
The Research Question[edit | edit source]
The core of any research is the research question(s). [2] Research question(s) guide the design and methods used in a study, being key to not only identifying gaps in knowledge but also refining and adjusting existing knowldege. [2]
In quantitative research, the nature of the research question may be descriptive / normative or explanatory.
- Descriptive / normative research questions provide a descriptive account of a phenomenon within an established framework of knowledge; this approach is often used when aiming to develop a fuller account of an observation and is sometimes combined with identifying some relationships of potential interest. [2] For example, a researcher may choose to utilise survey methods to investigate the characteristics, perceptions and behavious about a particular condition in a specific population. [3]Normative research questions are similar in their purpose to descriptive research questions, but are considered a subtype.
- Explanatory
Designs[edit | edit source]
There are two main types of quantitative research designs: [1]
- Survey
- Experimental
Survey research designs[edit | edit source]
Survey designs are most frequently employed in healthcare epidemiology research.[4] Surveys may be used to gain insights into opinions and practices in large samples; they can be descriptive and/or be used to test associations. [4]
Experimental research designs[edit | edit source]
In experimental research designs, the researcher can manipulate one (or more) variable(s), the independent variable, and study the effect on a dependent variable. [1] There are many types of experimental designs; one of the most important is the randomised controlled trial.
Randomised controlled trials[edit | edit source]
Randomised controlled trials are considered top methods in the hierarchy of evidence when testing the link between cause and effect in clinical interventions. [5][6]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Watson R. Quantitative research. Nurs Stand. 2015 Apr 1;29(31):44-8.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Sim J., Wright C. Research in Health Care: concepts, designs and methods. Nelson Thornes: Cheltenham, UK. 2002
- ↑ Mouchtouri V., Agathagelidou E., Kofonikolas K., Rousou X., Dadouli K., Pinaka O., et al. Nationwide Survey in Greece about Knowledge, Risk Perceptions, and Preventive Behaviors for COVID-19 during the General Lockdown in April 2020. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 28;17(23):8854.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Safdar N., Abbo L., Knobloch M., Seo S.Research Methods in Healthcare Epidemiology: Survey and Qualitative Research. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2016 Nov; 37(11): 1272–1277.
- ↑ Evans D. Hierarchy of evidence: a framework for ranking evidence evaluating healthcare interventions. J Clin Nurs. 2003 Jan;12(1):77-84.
- ↑ Wallace S., Barak G., Truong G., Parker M. Hierarchy of Evidence Within the Medical Literature. Hosp Pediatr. 2022 Aug 1;12(8):745-750.
