Neonatal Physiotherapy Assessment

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/dmcn.14485 (intervention)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1744165X19300472 (intervention)

https://www.jove.com/t/60412/clinical-practice-protocol-creative-music-therapy-for-preterm-infants?fbclid=IwAR29fl3o37kzh69SUxvFs46v3Ix67HmKGX_KkcT6g7CuG7_eytnytEZOqKI (intervention)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1744388119302579 (intervention)

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-020-0597-1 (general)

https://academic.oup.com/ptj/article/100/5/860/5707308 (intervention)

Disability and Health (ICF), neonatal physiotherapists support the functional and structural integrity of the body parts and systems of the newborn, posture and movements suitable for gestational age in the neonatal intensive care unit. plays a role in appropriate interaction between family and other health professionals neonatal intensive care unit, the physiotherapist plans the appropriate approaches for the needs of the baby by making arrangements to eliminate the factors that may disrupt the stability of the baby or create stress, in line with the observational information obtained from the baby’s behavioral status and orientation skills [17].https://www.onlinescientificresearch.com/articles/physiotherapy-and-rehabilitation-approaches-to-premature-infants-in-neonatal-intensive-care-units.pdf (GREAT INTERVENTIN SUMMARu)

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fresc.2022.893551/full (intervenn)https://www.researchgate.net/publication/38099700_Neonatal_Physical_Therapy_Part_I_Clinical_Competencies_and_Neonatal_Intensive_Care_Unit_Clinical_Training_Models (both wth flow charts)

NBO

The Newborn Behavioral Observation (NBO) is a relationship-based intervention delivered by NBO-trained health practitioners aiming to sensitise parents to the infant’s capacities, uniqueness and behavioural communication cues [5]. By increasing parental competence and confidence the intervention may contribute to more sensitive parenting and a positive parent-infant relationship.

he NBO is a family-centered, developmentally supportive instrument that was designed to elucidate newborn neurobehavior for the purposes of crafting interventions that promote optimal newborn self-regulation and caregiver-infant interaction. The NBO is based on an appreciation of the richness and complexity of the newborn’s behavioral repertoire and the agency of the baby in shaping parent-infant interactions.7,13 NBO items focus on the baby’s behavior and communication cues, which are a window into the baby’s mental state. The twenty neurobehavioral items are designed to capture the infant’s visual, auditory, perceptual, and self-regulatory abilities as the infant attempts to stabilize autonomic, motor, and state behavior across the first weeks and months of life. The NBO has been shown to improve caregiver-infant interactions13,14 and provider confidence.15

NBAS

Functional developmental outcomes of generally healthy neonates are perhaps better predicted using a neurobehavioral approach than the established clinical neurologic assessments. Neurobehavior encompasses state and emotion regulation, which predict a variety of developmental outcomes, including psychopathology and social functioning later in childhood.6 The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)7 was one of the early instruments that utilized a neurobehavioral model to evaluate neonates, marking an important step forward in the understanding of and ability to measure early infant development. The NBAS has been widely studied and shown to predict later developmental outcom. However significant time required for training and administration of both the NNNS and NBAS limit their practicality and accessibility to most clinicians and researchers, leading NBAS author Nugent and colleagues to create a shorter clinical tool, the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system.

Test of Infant Performance

The Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) can be used across cultures, and item difficulty can be used to detect small subtle changes in motor performance in infants born both preterm and term in Brazil. Parent education needs to be targeted to the age and the needs of the child. The IMP is a video-based instrument for infants aged three to 18 months, or rather to the moment when the child is able to walk independently for some months. It is based on the infant’s self-generated movements during a playful interaction with the assessor. The IMP consists of 80 items that provide information on the infant’s motor behavior in five domains: variation, adaptability, symmetry, fluency and performance. The domains of variation and adaptability are based on the Neuronal Group Selection Theory. The three other domains are traditional domains of motor development. This also means that the IMP has four domains evaluating the quality of motor behavior and one domain that evaluates performance, i.e., motor skills or motor milestones. The IMP results in five domain scores and one total score. The assessment itself takes about 15 minutes and its off-line scoring about 10 minutes. Recently, the IMP-manual became available, including many video examples, an app to calculate the scores and IMP-norms (percentile values) [14]. Additionally, the IMP does not require a specific tool kit, but toys that can be easily acquired

GMA

s GMA requires only 3−5 minutes observation of an infant’s spontaneous movement (i.e., the infant needs not to be touched by the assessor), it is an evaluation far easier to be carried out than most assessments for neurological development. Hence GMA is suitable for daily clinical applications, particularly in low-resource settings. Being entirely non-intrusive, GMA is widely accepted by caregivers with divergent social and cultural backgrounds

GMA is performed through direct or video-recorded observation by a specifically trained operator, resulting in a qualitative description of the motor performance of the infants. However, the need for a trained examiner to accurately classify GMs over the

General Movements Assessment (GMA), developed by Dr. Heinz Prechtl first in 1979 [9, 10]. This assessment describes the repertoire of complex, highly variable, whole-body movements which emerge in the fetus and continue until the first 4 to 5 months of life [11, 12]. Specific patterns exist at set developmental stages (preterm, writhing, and fidgety), and patterns of stereotypy have also been identified that are associated with CP