Shoulder-hand Syndrome
Original Editor - User Name
Top Contributors - Essam Ahmed
Definition and Causes[edit | edit source]
Also known as Poststroke complex regional pain syndrome or reflex sympathetic dystrophy of upper limb[1]. Shoulder-hand Syndrome (SHS) is a multifactorial disorder[2]characterized by edema and swelling of the hand, hyperalgesia, sever pain and loss of function in the shoulder joint with changes in the skin color and temperature[3][4].The cause is still unknown, but it may be due to one or multiple causes which include[2]:[5]
- Prolonged immobility.
- Repeated minor trauma from blood drawing and intravenous injections.
- Angio-spasm
- Perceptual deficit
- Central sympathetic dysregulation and neurogenic inflammatory reactions
Symptoms and Signs[5][edit | edit source]
| Site | Symptoms and Signs |
|---|---|
| Shoulder | Loss of ROM; pain and tenderness elicited by these motions or in rest |
| Elbow | Usually no symptoms |
| Wrist | Considerable pain on extension; tenderness to deep palpation and dorsal oedema over carpal bones |
| Hand | little pain or tenderness; oedema overlying metacarpals |
| Digits | Considerable pain on flexion of metacarpal-phalangeal and interphalangeal joints; moderate oedema and loss of dorsal skin lines; changes in hair and nail growth; vasomotor and changes in temperatute, colour and hidrosis |
Treatment[edit | edit source]
The Treatment is Multidisciplinary approach that include :
- Medication[5][1]: NSAID, Oral Corticosteroid, Shoulder Steroid Injection.
- Physical Therapy which includes:
- Mirror Therapy[5][1]
- Orthosis[4]
- Acupuncture[6][3]
- Passive and Active R.O.M.[5]
- Laser[7]
- T.E.N.S.[5]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Effects of mirror therapy on oedema, pain and functional activities in patients with poststroke shoulder-hand syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kondo I, Hosokawa K, Soma M, Iwata M, Maltais D. Protocol to prevent shoulder-hand syndrome after stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2001;82(11):1619-1623.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Acupuncture for Post-stroke Shoulder-Hand Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Functional orthosis in shoulder joint subluxation after ischaemic brain stroke to avoid post-hemiplegic shoulder–hand syndrome: a randomized clinical trial
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Systematic review of aetiology and treatment of post-stroke hand oedema and shoulder-hand syndrome
- ↑ Traditional manual acupuncture combined with rehabilitation therapy for shoulder hand syndrome after stroke within the Chinese healthcare system: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- ↑ LASER THERAPY OF PAINFUL SHOULDER AND SHOULDER-HAND SYNDROME IN TREATMENT OF PATIENTS AFTER THE STROKE
