Cognition and Perceptual Disorders
Original Editor - Nupur Shah
Top Contributors - Nupur Smit Shah and Kim Jackson
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Cognition is the process of acquiring knowledge. It includes, reasoning, memory, awareness, judgement and intuition. Some authors include executive function under cognition too, such as problem solving, planning capacity, recognition of errors and abstract thinking. Many a times executive function is classified as higher level cognitive functions or metacongnitive functions.
Perception is the integration of sensations into information that is meaningful in terms of psycology. It is the ability to choose the stimuli that need attention and action, to integrate them with eachother and to interpret them.
Perception and sensation are not the same and should not be confused with eachother. Sensation is defined as the awareness of stimuli through eyes, ears, nose etc, internal receptions or the peripheral cutaneous system. And perception is far more complex than the individual sensation.[1]
Perception disorders[edit | edit source]
Body image impairments:[edit | edit source]
Anosognosia- It is the denial of illness that may be seen in the patients of head injury. The patients presents either lack of concern about the deficit or verbal denial of their illness.[2]They dont realise the benefits of rehabilitation and are not willing to undergo any treatment. Visual field defect, apathy and unable to identify the pictures are the common in anosognosia.[3]It is commonly seen in neurological conditions such as Hemiplegia and Alzheimer's disease.[4]
Somatoagnosia- There is lack of awareness of the body structure. The patient even doesnt understand the relationship of body parts with oneself or to others. They may not be able to imitate the movements of the therapist.[1]They deny the existence of their body part and is also known as autotopagnosia.[5]
Right and left discrimitation
Finger agnosia- In this conditon the client doesnt indicate, name , select/ differentiate the fingers of their own hand. It happens in the patients of cerebral lesion.[6]
Spatial Relation impairements[edit | edit source]
Figure ground discrimitation
Form discrimitation
Spatial Relation
Position in space
Depth and distance perception
Topographical disorientation
Vertical disorientation
Agnosia[edit | edit source]
Tactile agnosia
Auditory agnosia
Visual object agnosia
Apraxia[edit | edit source]
Ideomotor apraxia
Ideational apraxia
Cognitive disorders[edit | edit source]
Attention deficits[edit | edit source]
Selective attention
Sustained attention
Divided attention
Alternating attention
Memory defictis[edit | edit source]
Memory decline is common after stroke and affects the functional ability of the person. There are various memory deficits like long term memory loss, short term memory loss and immediate recall.
Sub Heading 3[edit | edit source]
Resources[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 O'Sullivan SB, Schmitz TJ, Fulk G. Physical rehabilitation. FA Davis; 2019 Jan 25.
- ↑ Heilman KM. Anosognosia: possible neuropsychological mechanisms. Awareness of deficit after brain injury: Clinical and theoretical issues. 1991 Jan 24:53-62.
- ↑ Cutting J. Study of anosognosia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 1978 Jun 1;41(6):548-55.
- ↑ Bisiach E, Vallar G, Perani D, Papagno C, Berti A. Unawareness of disease following lesions of the right hemisphere: anosognosia for hemiplegia and anosognosia for hemianopia. Neuropsychologia. 1986 Jan 1;24(4):471-82.
- ↑ Nathanson M, Bergman PS, Gordon GG. Denial of illness: its occurrence in one hundred consecutive cases of hemiplegia. AMA Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry. 1952 Sep 1;68(3):380-7.
- ↑ Gerstmann J. Syndrome of finger agnosia, disorientation for right and left, agraphia and acalculia: local diagnostic value. Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry. 1940 Aug 1;44(2):398-408.
