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Introduction Like the cervical and lumbar spine, pain in the thoracic spine can be caused by a number of musculoskeletal structures, including thoracic spine muscles, joints, the disc and the ribs. There are also a number of visceral or systemic conditions that can masquerade as musculoskeletal spinal pain. These all need to be considered when assessing the thoracic spine. Muscles of the Thorax
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