Congenital Heart Disease
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Top Contributors - Lucinda hampton, Franca Ebomah, Naomi O'Reilly, Shaimaa Eldib and Mila Andreew
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Congenital heart diseases (CHD), are problems with the heart’s structure that are present at birth. They may change the normal flow of blood through the heart. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect.
There are many types of congenital heart defects. The most common defects involve the inside walls of the heart, the valves of the heart, or the large blood vessels that carry blood to and from the heart. Some defects require no treatment, but some require treatment soon after birth. Because diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects has improved, more babies are surviving and now many adults are living with congenital heart defects[1].
Congenital heart disease
- Is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in both children and adults, and large disparities exist throughout the world in access to care and outocomes[2],
- Is the most common congenital malformation diagnosed in newborns, with birth prevalence reported to be 10‰ of live births worldwide.
Early diagnosis and advances in cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology have significantly increased survival of patients with CHD over the past several decades. The number of people with CHD who reach adulthood has also risen, which is estimated to be >1 million in the United States and 1.2 million in Europe. Although there have been tremendous advancements in the diagnosis and management of congenital heart disease over the past several decades, much of what is known about congenital heart disease care comes from regions that have a high Socio-demographic Index (SDI)[2]
Despite remarkable success in the surgical and medical management of CHD, many interventions are palliative rather than curative, and some survivors still have significant residual hemodynamic and electrical conduction abnormalities and experience cardiovascular complications over the long term. Surgical and medical interventions for CHD, including intervention with stents, frequent catheterization, long‐term medication, and so on, have been confirmed to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.[3]
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ NIH CHD Available from:https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects (accessed 22.4.2021)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Rossano JW. Congenital heart disease: a global public health concern. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2020 Mar 1;4(3):168-9.Available: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS2352-4642(19)30429-8/fulltext (accessed 22.4.2021)
- ↑ Wang T, Chen L, Yang T, Huang P, Wang L, Zhao L, Zhang S, Ye Z, Chen L, Zheng Z, Qin J. Congenital heart disease and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta‐analysis of cohort studies. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2019 May 21;8(10):e012030.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6585327/ (accessed 22.4.2021)
