Hyperkalemia: Difference between revisions
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| Disorders leading to hyperkalemia caused by impaired renal excretion of potassium | | Disorders leading to hyperkalemia caused by impaired renal excretion of potassium | ||
| Disorders leading to hyperkalemia caused by shift of potassium into the extracellular space | | Disorders leading to hyperkalemia caused by shift of potassium into the extracellular space | ||
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| acquired hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism | | acquired hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism |
Revision as of 22:08, 26 March 2013
Original Editors -Courtney Ahlers & Jessica Ketterer from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.
Lead Editors - Your name will be added here if you are a lead editor on this page. Read more.
Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
Hyperkalemia is characterized by an elevated serum potassium level greater than 5.5 mmol/L and is classified as an electrolyte abnormality. [1] Acute hyperkalemia is often preceded by issues such as illness, dehydration, or introduction of medications that affect potassium levels. [2]
Prevalence[edit | edit source]
Approximately 1 to 10 percepnt of hospital patients are affected by hyperkalemia. [2]
The mortality rate for patients with hyperkalemia is approximately 1 in 1000. [1]
Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Hyperkalemia most commonly occurs in patients with chronic renal failure. [2]
Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]
Table 1
Disorders Causing Hyperkalemia | |
Disorders leading to hyperkalemia caused by impaired renal excretion of potassium | Disorders leading to hyperkalemia caused by shift of potassium into the extracellular space |
acquired hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism | acidosis |
Addison's disease | damage to tissue from rhabdomyolysis, burns, or trauma |
congenital adrenal hyperplasia (recessive or autosomal dominant) | familial hyperkalemic periodic paralysis |
mineralocorticoid deficiency | hyperosmolar states (uncontrolled diabetes, glucose infusions) |
primary hypoaldosteronism or hyporeninemia | tumor lysis syndrome |
pseudohypoaldosteronism | |
renal insufficiency or failure | |
systemic lupus erythematosus | |
type IV renal tubular acidosis |
Medications[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]
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Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]
Hyperkalemia is typically caused when the kidneys can no longer excrete potassium, when the body is unable to effectively move potassium fro the extracellular space to within the cell, or a combination of the two. [2]
Table 1 Disorders Causing Hyperkalemia | |
---|---|
Disorders leading to hyperkalemia caused by impaired renal excretion of potassium | Disorders leading to hyperkalemia caused by shift of potassium into the extracellular space |
acquired hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism | acidosis |
Addison's disease | damage to tissue from rhabdomyolysis, burns, or trauma |
congenital adrenal hyperplasia (recessive or autosomal dominant) | familial hyperkalemic periodic paralysis |
mineralocorticoid deficiency | hyperosmolar states (uncontrolled diabetes, glucose infusions) |
primary hypoaldosteronism or hyporeninemia | insulin deficiency or resistance |
pseudohypoaldosteronism | tumor lysis syndrome |
renal insufficiency or failure | |
systemic lupus erythematosus | |
type IV renal tubular acidosis |
Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]
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Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Alternative/Holistic Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Pseudohyperkalemia occurs when lab reports indicate elevated serum potassium levels but the patient does not actually have elevated serum potassium. This phenomenon occurs most commonly with destruction of red blood cells with collection of blood specimen.[2]
Case Reports/ Case Studies[edit | edit source]
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Resources
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Raymond C, Sood A, Wazny L. Treatment of hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease--a focus on medications. CANNT Journal [serial on the Internet]. (2010, July), [cited March 22, 2013]; 20(3): 49-54. Available from: CINAHL with Full Text. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=c8h&AN=2010782358&site=ehost-live (accessed 22 Mar 2013)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Hollander-Rodriguez JC, Calvert, Jr. JF. Hyperkalemia. American Family Physician 2006; 73(2):283-290. Available from: PubMed. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16445274 )22 March 2013)