Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction== | == Introduction== | ||
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a therapeutic approach defined as promoting the response of the nerve impulses to recruit muscles through stimulation of the proprioceptors (e.g. [[Muscle Spindles|Muscle spindle]] and [[Golgi Tendon Organ|Golgi Tendon Organs]]) in addition to other sensory stimuli (tactile, visual or verbal) in the beginning (i.e. at cognitive phase of [[Motor Control and Learning|motor learning]]) that decrease overtime as learning progresses.<ref>2.Alexandre de Assis IS, Luvizutto GJ, Bruno ACM, Sande de Souza LAP. The Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Concept in Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine [Internet]. 2020 Sep;19(3):181–7. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7750824/</nowiki></ref> | Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a therapeutic approach defined as promoting the response of the nerve impulses to recruit muscles through stimulation of the proprioceptors (e.g. [[Muscle Spindles|Muscle spindle]] and [[Golgi Tendon Organ|Golgi Tendon Organs]]) in addition to other sensory stimuli (tactile, visual or verbal) in the beginning (i.e. at cognitive phase of [[Motor Control and Learning|motor learning]]) that decrease overtime as learning progresses.<ref>2.Alexandre de Assis IS, Luvizutto GJ, Bruno ACM, Sande de Souza LAP. The Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Concept in Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine [Internet]. 2020 Sep;19(3):181–7. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7750824/</nowiki></ref> | ||
Revision as of 04:23, 25 November 2023
This article or area is currently under construction and may only be partially complete. Please come back soon to see the finished work!
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a therapeutic approach defined as promoting the response of the nerve impulses to recruit muscles through stimulation of the proprioceptors (e.g. Muscle spindle and Golgi Tendon Organs) in addition to other sensory stimuli (tactile, visual or verbal) in the beginning (i.e. at cognitive phase of motor learning) that decrease overtime as learning progresses.[1]
The approach aims to reach the highest level of function and follows the ICF model where it begins with the findings of clinical assessment to stand on the major impairment of body structure or function (e.g. weakness) that may limit an activity (e.g. sit to stand or walking) and restrict life participation (e.g. using transportation or employment) considering the account of environmental barriers (e.g. high floor residence without lifts or narrow spaces, stressful conditions, etc.) and personal factors (e.g. age, fitness level, etc.). Then, the therapist sets treatment goals to treat certain impairment and improve activity or participation.[2].
PNF uses nerve impulses that can excite ,inhibit, relax or strengthen muscles on neurophysiological basis such as spatial summation, temporal summation[3] and reciprocal inhibition[4]. In order to recruit these basis PNF consists of certain principles, procedures and techniques will be illustrated in this page.
Practice[edit | edit source]
For more practice details[2]
PNF basic principles are using stimuli that can be exteroceptive (e.g. tactile, verbal/auditory or visual) or proprioceptive stimuli (e.g. resistance, traction, approximation and stretching), all of which are incorporated in all PNF practice with small variations according to patients' condition and treatment goals.
PNF procedures are:
- irradiation: spreading of response of nerve impulses of stimulus.
- reinforcement: increased stimuli intensity and types will increase the amount of muscle response, making it stronger.
- patterns: 3D multiple joint movements result from muscle synergies contractions and assemble normal functional movements.
- timing: every pattern has fixed sequence of motion (timing) that can be changed to enhance particular muscle response (Timing for emphasis).
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 2.Alexandre de Assis IS, Luvizutto GJ, Bruno ACM, Sande de Souza LAP. The Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Concept in Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine [Internet]. 2020 Sep;19(3):181–7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7750824/
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 3.Adler SS, Beckers D, Buck M. PNF in practice : an illustrated guide. Heidelberg: Springer Medizin Verlag; 2014.
- ↑ 1.Byrne JH. Chapter 16 - Postsynaptic Potentials and Synaptic Integration [Internet]. Byrne JH, Heidelberger R, Waxham MN, editors. ScienceDirect. Boston: Academic Press; 2014 [cited 2023 May 9]. p. 489–507. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780123971791000166
- ↑ 4.Heckman CJ, Hyngstrom AS, Johnson MD. Active properties of motoneurone dendrites: diffuse descending neuromodulation, focused local inhibition. The Journal of Physiology. 2008 Feb 29;586(5):1225–31.
