High-Altitude Pulmonary Oedema: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
Factors that can contribute to High-Altitude Pulmonary Oedema (HAPE) include altitude, speed and mode of ascent, and individual variability. <ref name=":0">Bärtscha P, Mairbäurla H, Swensonb E R, Maggiorinic M. High altitude pulmonary oedema. Swiss Medical Weekly. 2003:133:377-384.</ref> | |||
HAPE usually develops 2-5 days after a person ascends to altitudes above 2500-3000m. <ref name=":0" /> As mentioned on the [[Acclimatization|Acclimatisation]] page, this is considered 'moderate altitude', where mountain sickness can occur, and acclimatization would be essential for athletic performance. <ref>Bergeron MF, Bahr R, Bartsch P, Bourdon L, Calbet JAL, Carlsen KH, Castagna O, Gonazalez-Alonso J, Lundby C, Maughan RJ, Millet G, Mountjoy M, Racinais S, Rasmussen P, Singh DG, Subudhi AW, Young AJ, Soligard T, Engebretsen L. [https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/46/11/770.long International Olympic Committee consensus statement on thermoregulatory and altitude challenges for high-level athletes.] British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2012:46:770-779.</ref> | |||
== | == Pathophysiology == | ||
== Who is most at risk? == | |||
==== Prevention ==== | |||
Individuals who are susceptible to HAPE can avoid the risk of such a condition if ascent is gradual, with an average ascent of 300-350m per day when at an altitude greater than 2500m. <ref name=":0" /> | |||
== Symptoms == | |||
== Treatment == | |||
When a person is at ascent, there may be limited medical facilities or supplies available. If there is access to a medical facility, supplemental oxygen would be the primary choice of treatment. <ref name=":0" /> | |||
Without any medical facilities available, immediately descending to a lower elevation would be indicated. <ref name=":0" /> | |||
However, if neither of these options are viable, treatment with nifidipine would be recommended until descent becomes an available option. <ref name=":0" /> | |||
== Resources == | == Resources == | ||
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Factors that can contribute to High-Altitude Pulmonary Oedema (HAPE) include altitude, speed and mode of ascent, and individual variability. [1]
HAPE usually develops 2-5 days after a person ascends to altitudes above 2500-3000m. [1] As mentioned on the Acclimatisation page, this is considered 'moderate altitude', where mountain sickness can occur, and acclimatization would be essential for athletic performance. [2]
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Who is most at risk?[edit | edit source]
Prevention[edit | edit source]
Individuals who are susceptible to HAPE can avoid the risk of such a condition if ascent is gradual, with an average ascent of 300-350m per day when at an altitude greater than 2500m. [1]
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Treatment[edit | edit source]
When a person is at ascent, there may be limited medical facilities or supplies available. If there is access to a medical facility, supplemental oxygen would be the primary choice of treatment. [1]
Without any medical facilities available, immediately descending to a lower elevation would be indicated. [1]
However, if neither of these options are viable, treatment with nifidipine would be recommended until descent becomes an available option. [1]
Resources[edit | edit source]
- bulleted list
- x
or
- numbered list
- x
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Bärtscha P, Mairbäurla H, Swensonb E R, Maggiorinic M. High altitude pulmonary oedema. Swiss Medical Weekly. 2003:133:377-384.
- ↑ Bergeron MF, Bahr R, Bartsch P, Bourdon L, Calbet JAL, Carlsen KH, Castagna O, Gonazalez-Alonso J, Lundby C, Maughan RJ, Millet G, Mountjoy M, Racinais S, Rasmussen P, Singh DG, Subudhi AW, Young AJ, Soligard T, Engebretsen L. International Olympic Committee consensus statement on thermoregulatory and altitude challenges for high-level athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2012:46:770-779.
