Introduction to Sport for People with Disabilities: Difference between revisions

No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 120: Line 120:
<div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">Summer Sports<br>
<div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">Summer Sports<br>
Para archery
Para archery
Para athletics
Para athletics
Para badminton
Para badminton
Blind football
Blind football
Boccia
Boccia
Para canoe
Para canoe
Para cycling
Para cycling
Para equestrian
Para equestrian
Goalball
Goalball
Para judo
Para judo
Para powerlifting
Para powerlifting
</div>
</div>

Revision as of 10:54, 26 May 2023

Original Editor - User Name

Top Contributors - Wanda van Niekerk and Jess Bell  

Introduction[edit | edit source]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6krLeYduBY

Benefits of Sports Participation for People Living with Disabilities[edit | edit source]

Table 1. Experiences and perceived health benefits of people with a disability participating in sport[1]
Children and Adolescents Adults Elite Athletes
  • Opportunity to socialise and create a sense of belonging
  • Team culture experience
  • Cultivating friendships
  • increased physical and emotional wellbeing
  • Ability to show off achievements and prove others wrong
  • Creating a sense of pride
  • Happiness and enjoyment
  • Improved fitness, functionality and confidence
  • Experience camaraderie through being part of a team
  • Equality and togetherness
  • Breaking stereotypes and society-imposed limitations
  • Manage stigma, defy expectations and challenge people's perceptions
  • Provision of a sense of purpose and meaning
  • Liberation in feeling free form impairment and not being restricted by perceived limitations
  • Independence
  • Empowerment
  • Acceptance and adaptation of disability can be achieved through sports participation
  • Improved fitness, functionality, strength and self-confidence
  • Support from team mates
  • Creating strong interpersonal relationships
  • Development and growth in dedication, mental toughness
  • Funding opportunites
  • Recognition
  • Improved self confidence
  • Improved self-esteem

Barriers to Adaptive Sports Participation[edit | edit source]

Barriers include[2]:

  • Accessibility
  • Cost
  • Transportation
  • Variety of activities available
  • Dependency on others
  • Degree of impairment
  • Lack of energy
  • Pain
  • Comorbidities
  • General health
  • Risk of injury
  • Lack of time
  • Lack of knowledge of opportunities
  • Lack of interest and/or motivation

Recreational and Non-Para Sports[edit | edit source]

The word “Paralympic“ derives from the Greek preposition “para“ (beside or alongside) and the word “Olympic“, meaning that Paralympics are parallel to the Olympics. Some examples of recreational and non-paralympic sports include:

  • Wheelchair dance[3]
  • Baseball[4]
  • Ice-hockey
  • Watersports
  • Golf[5]
  • Power football
[6]
[7]

Special Olympics[edit | edit source]

Mission[8]:

  • Provision of year-round sporting activities and athletic competitions in a variety of sports for people with intellectual disabilities
  • Providing continuing opportunities to:
    • develop physical fitness
    • demonstrate courage
    • experience joy
  • Participate in the sharing of gifts and friendships with their loved ones, other athletes and the community
[9]
[10]


Read more: Special Olympics

Paralympics[edit | edit source]

The Paralympics are the ultimate competition for world class, elite athletes with physical disabilities. Athletes with disabilities should have opportunities to:

  • pursue their goals
  • dream of winning a gold medal
  • commit to strenuous training regimes
  • meet strict qualification standards
  • exist in an environment of excellence and personal best performances

The four core values of the Paralympic movement are[11]:

  • Courage – “It encompasses the unique spirit of the Paralympic athlete who seeks to accomplish what the general public deems unexpected, but what the athlete knows as a truth.”[12]
  • Determination – “The manifestation of the idea that Paralympic athletes push their physical ability to the absolute limit.”[12]
  • Inspiration – “When intense and personal affection is begotten from the stories and accomplishments of Paralympic athletes, and the effect is applying this spirit to one's personal life.”[12]
  • Equality – “Paralympic Sport acts as an agent for change to break down social barriers of discrimination for persons with an impairment.”[12]
[13]
[14]

Current Paralympic Sports[edit | edit source]

Currently there are 28 Paralympic sports (22 summer sports and 6 winter sports):[12]

Summer Sports

Para archery

Para athletics

Para badminton

Blind football

Boccia

Para canoe

Para cycling

Para equestrian

Goalball

Para judo

Para powerlifting

Summer Sports

Para rowing Shooting Para sport Sitting volleyball Para swimming Para table tennis Para taekwondo Para triathlon Wheelchair basketball Wheelchair fencing Wheelchair rugby Wheelchair tennis

Winter Sports

Para alpine skiing Para biathlon Para cross-country skiing Para ice hockey Para snowboard Wheelchair curling

Swimming add video

Athletics videos

Nordic Sports

Alpine sports

Videos

Sledge hockey / para icehockey

Wheelchair rugby

Video

Boccia

Table tennis

Sitting volleyball

Goalball

Powerlifting

Fencing

Football 7 a side and 5 a side

Cycling

Water sports

Rowing

Canoeing

Sailing

Wheelchair tennis

Extreme sports x games, rock climbing, base jumping, skateboarding

Main Organisations

IPC

Committee International des Sports des Sourds – CISS

International Blind Sport Association IBSA

International Sport organisation for disabled

International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair sport federation

Cerebral Palsy – International sport and recreation association

International sport federation for persons with intellectual disability

International wheelchair and amputee sports federation

Special Olympics International

Deafsports

Optional

What other sports are available in your country/ opportunities


Classification

Why classification

To encourage participation rather than exclusion Goodman 1993

To promote the involvement of a reasonable number of participants within a class Goodman 1993

To minimise the influence of impairments on sport outcomes Kruimer, 2000

Add content from this page: https://www.physio-pedia.com/Sports_for_Individuals_with_a_Physical_Disability?utm_source=physiopedia&utm_medium=search&utm_campaign=ongoing_internal#

Links to ipc classification websites

Classification Table

Sport for individuals without disabilities

Weight

Gender/Sex

Age

Sport for individuals with disabilities

Weight

Gender/biological sex

Age

Type of disability

Functional mobility

Mixed

Members of the Classification team

Medical

Physician

Physiotherapist

Occupational therapist

Sport Technical

Coach

Official

Former athlete

Different Classification Models

Table

Medical Model

Diagnosis specific

Lesion level       

Oriented towards the individual’s disability

Functional Model

Sport-specific – uni – disability

7 a side football

Oriented towards the individual’s ability

Integrated Model

Sport-specific – multi diagnosis

Wheelchair basketball and swimming

Oriented towards the individual's ability

Minimal disability

Sport-specific – uni- and multi-diagnosis

5 a side football and sledge hockey

Doping and Cheating in Paralympic Sport

Boosting – Doping Control Programme

Links

Cheating with Classification

Research on Classification

Publications to read:

Two articles James discuss

Sub Heading 2[edit | edit source]

Sub Heading 3[edit | edit source]

Resources[edit | edit source]

  • bulleted list
  • x

or

  1. numbered list
  2. x

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Aitchison B, Rushton AB, Martin P, Barr M, Soundy A, Heneghan NR. The experiences and perceived health benefits of individuals with a disability participating in sport: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Disability and Health Journal. 2022 Jan 1;15(1):101164.
  2. ↑ Diaz R, Miller EK, Kraus E, Fredericson M. Impact of adaptive sports participation on quality of life. Sports medicine and arthroscopy review. 2019 Jun 1;27(2):73-82.
  3. ↑ Aliberti S, Ceruso R, Lipoma M. Modification of the wheelchair sports dance classification system for a fair competition. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2021 Feb 1;21:675-80.
  4. ↑ Cunningham GB, Warner S. Baseball 4 all: Providing inclusive spaces for persons with disabilities. Journal of Global Sport Management. 2019 Oct 2;4(4):313-30.
  5. ↑ Monforte J, Smith B, Bennett T. Benefits, Barriers and Facilitators to Golf Participation Among Disabled People: Identifying Opportunities to Increase Uptake and Foster Inclusion. International Journal of Golf Science. 2021 Sep 1;10(1).
  6. ↑ Infinite Flow Dance. Marisa Hamamoto & Piotr Iwanicki | Hip Hip Chin Chin Samba. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtty0SfNPi0 [last accessed 26/05/2023]
  7. ↑ FOX8 WGHP. Wake the World program allows people with disabilities to water ski. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBm_j1NiHGU [last accessed 6/6/2009]
  8. ↑ Special Olympics. Available fromhttps://www.specialolympics.org/ (last accessed 26o5/2023)
  9. ↑ Special Olympics. Changing the World Through Sport. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vc17w3WVWPA [last accessed 26/05/2023]
  10. ↑ PBS News Hour. 50 years after first games, Special Olympics aims for 'inclusion revolution'. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cGlrCsbIUtg [last accessed 26/05/2023]
  11. ↑ Rocha CM, Hong HJ, Gratao OA. Involvement with the Olympic and Paralympic Games and the values of sport. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events. 2021 Jun 23:1-24.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 International Paralympic Committee. Available from https://www.paralympic.org/ (last accessed 26/05/2023)
  13. ↑ Cliff Productions. The Mandeville Legacy - Paralympics Documentary. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-rB6QdAa_Y [last accessed 26/05/2023]
  14. ↑ Paralympic Games. 'All about ability' - How the Paralympic Movement is maintaining momentum. Available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RMOSDynkw8[last accessed 236/05/2023]
Retrieved from "https://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php?title=Introduction_to_Sport_for_People_with_Disabilities&oldid=335745"