Drugs and Anti-Doping in Sport: Difference between revisions
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|Anabolic Steroids<ref name=":0">Bhasin S, Hatfield DL, Hoffman JR, Kraemer WJ, Labotz M, Phillips SM, Ratamess NA. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Stuart-Phillips-2/publication/353624620_Anabolic-Androgenic_Steroid_Use_in_Sports_Health_and_Society/links/611462cf1ca20f6f8616fbbe/Anabolic-Androgenic-Steroid-Use-in-Sports-Health-and-Society.pdf Anabolic-androgenic steroid use in sports, health, and society.] Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2021 Aug 1;53(8):1778-94.</ref> | | rowspan="2" |Anabolic Steroids<ref name=":0">Bhasin S, Hatfield DL, Hoffman JR, Kraemer WJ, Labotz M, Phillips SM, Ratamess NA. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Stuart-Phillips-2/publication/353624620_Anabolic-Androgenic_Steroid_Use_in_Sports_Health_and_Society/links/611462cf1ca20f6f8616fbbe/Anabolic-Androgenic-Steroid-Use-in-Sports-Health-and-Society.pdf Anabolic-androgenic steroid use in sports, health, and society.] Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2021 Aug 1;53(8):1778-94.</ref> | ||
|Synthetic hormones that help build muscle faster and to recover faster from training | |Synthetic hormones that help build muscle faster and to recover faster from training | ||
|Most commonly used drugs in sport | |Most commonly used drugs in sport | ||
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* Oxandrolone | * Oxandrolone | ||
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| colspan=" | | colspan="4" |Read more: | ||
* [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Stuart-Phillips-2/publication/353624620_Anabolic-Androgenic_Steroid_Use_in_Sports_Health_and_Society/links/611462cf1ca20f6f8616fbbe/Anabolic-Androgenic-Steroid-Use-in-Sports-Health-and-Society.pdf Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use in Sports, Health, and Society]<ref name=":0" /> | * [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Stuart-Phillips-2/publication/353624620_Anabolic-Androgenic_Steroid_Use_in_Sports_Health_and_Society/links/611462cf1ca20f6f8616fbbe/Anabolic-Androgenic-Steroid-Use-in-Sports-Health-and-Society.pdf Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use in Sports, Health, and Society]<ref name=":0" /> | ||
* [[Anabolic Steroid Abuse]] | * [[Anabolic Steroid Abuse]] | ||
Revision as of 10:14, 8 May 2023
Original Editor - User Name
Top Contributors - Wanda van Niekerk and Jess Bell
Introduction[edit | edit source]
What is Doping in Sport
Definitions of Doping[edit | edit source]
Doping is defined as the presence of prohibited substances or methods to unfairly improve sporting performance and to gain an advantage over competitors.[1]
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) defines that doping is the occurrence of one or more of the anti-doping rule violation set forth in Article 2.1 through 2.11 of the World Anti-Doping Code.[2]
Categories of Drugs[edit | edit source]
| Drugs | Definition | Function/ Effects | Side Effects | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anabolic Steroids[3] | Synthetic hormones that help build muscle faster and to recover faster from training | Most commonly used drugs in sport
Mimic testosterone Aid in muscle repair and speeds up muscle building, so an athlete can train harder and more often to increase results at a faster rate |
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| Read more: | ||||
| Peptides | Substances that occur naturally in the body and produce similar effects to anabolic steroids
Peptide hormones and analogues ar synthetic substances that copy natural hormones in the body |
Human Growth Hormone:
acts like an anabolic steroid develops musclce increases fat buring reduces tiredness Erythropoietin (EPO): promotes the production of red blood cells and thus increases the amount of oxygen blood can transport at any one time More oxygen to the muscle allows the athlete to work harder and longer |
Human Growth Hormone(HGH)
Erythropoietin (EPO) | |
| Analgesics | Painkillers
Addictive drugs Usually injected into the blood stream |
Reduces the sensation of the central nervous system (CNS) and so helps pain relief
Masks pain so athlete is back from injury sooner |
Loss of concentration
Loss of balance |
Heroin
Methadone Pethidine Morphine Codeine |
| Stimulants | Used to reduce feeling of tiredness so an athlete can train for longer
Stimulates the central nervous system (CNS) making an athlete more alert |
Irritability
Sleep deprivation Increased blood pressure Irregular and fast heartbeat |
Amphetamines
Ephedrine Cocaine Caffeine | |
| Diuretics | Drugs which increase the rate of water loss from the body | Speeds up kidney function by producing more urine, reducing fluid retention and causing rapid weight loss
Often used in sports with weight categories (athletes may use it to "make the required weight" for competition) Often used as masking agents to hide the effect of other performance-enhancing drugs |
Dehydration
Possible dizziness Muscle cramps Headaches Nausea Fatigue Development of kidney illness |
|
| Beta Blockers | Used as a relaxant | Athletes maintain a slow heart rate and low blood pressure - which is useful in tense situations such as competition
Calming effect also helps in high-risk sports where speed is involved |
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Why do Athletes Take Performance Enhancing Drugs?[edit | edit source]
- To recover from injury more quickly
- To mask pain
- Influenced by others
- The will to win overrides the moral conscience
- A desire to be the best at all costs, especially when winning brings financial rewards
- Better results lead to better sponsors and endorsement contracts
- Desire to meet expectations of others
- Making the most of a short sporting life
- Willingness to cheat for public acclaim
- Feeling that their natural ability is not good enough
Why are Drugs Banned in Sports?[edit | edit source]
Summary of two articles covered in podcasts
Add podcasts to the page
WADA
Purpose
Rule Violations
Athlete Responsibilities
Links to WADA code
Methods of Doping
Categories of WADA Prohibitive Listings
Link to Prohibited List
Testing
Blood Testing
Urine Testing
Add video on how testing works
Athletes rights
Athletes Responsibilities
Stages of Doping Control
Sub Heading 2[edit | edit source]
Sub Heading 3[edit | edit source]
Resources[edit | edit source]
- bulleted list
- x
or
- numbered list
- x
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Vlad RA, Hancu G, Popescu GC, Lungu IA. Doping in sports, a never-ending story?. Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin. 2018 Nov;8(4):529.
- ↑ WADA. World Anti-Doping Code. Published 01 Jan 2021. Available from https://www.wada-ama.org/en/resources/world-anti-doping-program/world-anti-doping-code
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 Bhasin S, Hatfield DL, Hoffman JR, Kraemer WJ, Labotz M, Phillips SM, Ratamess NA. Anabolic-androgenic steroid use in sports, health, and society. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2021 Aug 1;53(8):1778-94.
