Neutropenia: Difference between revisions

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== Introduction  ==
== Introduction  ==


Neutropenia is a low level of neutrophils in the blood<ref>Copeland et al. [https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/893 Assessment of Neutropenia]. BMJ. 2021</ref>.  Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell, that support the immune system to fight injection by ingesting and killing invading microorganisms<ref>Justiz Vaillant AA, Zito PM. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29939524/ Neutropenia]. 2021 Nov 15. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan–. PMID: 29939524.</ref>. Neutropenia is defined as less than 1500 neutrophils per micro-litre of blood. It can be classed as mild (1000-1500 neutrophils per micro-litre), moderate (500-1000 neutrophils per micro-litre) or severe (less than 500 neutrophils per micro-litre)<ref name=":0">Schwartzberg LS. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17379162/ Neutropenia: etiology and pathogenesis]. Clin Cornerstone. 2006;8 Suppl 5:S5-11. doi: 10.1016/s1098-3597(06)80053-0. PMID: 17379162.</ref>. Neutropenia leads to an increased risk of infection<ref name=":0" />.  
Neutropenia is a low level of neutrophils in the blood<ref>Copeland et al. [https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/893 Assessment of Neutropenia]. BMJ. 2021</ref>.  Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell, that support the immune system to fight injection by ingesting and killing invading microorganisms<ref>Justiz Vaillant AA, Zito PM. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29939524/ Neutropenia]. 2021 Nov 15. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan–. PMID: 29939524.</ref>. Neutropenia is defined as less than 1500 neutrophils per micro-litre of blood. It can be classed as mild (1000-1500 neutrophils per micro-litre), moderate ([[Tel:500-1000|500-1000]] neutrophils per micro-litre) or severe (less than 500 neutrophils per micro-litre)<ref name=":0">Schwartzberg LS. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17379162/ Neutropenia: etiology and pathogenesis]. Clin Cornerstone. 2006;8 Suppl 5:S5-11. doi: 10.1016/s1098-3597(06)80053-0. PMID: 17379162.</ref>. Neutropenia leads to an increased risk of infection and this risk is directly correlated with how long a patient has been neutropenic and how severe the neutropenia is.   <ref name=":0" />.  


== Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process<br>  ==
== Aetiology ==


add text here relating to the mechanism of injury and/or pathology of the condition<br>  
Neutropenia can develop due to a wide range of one or more causes<ref>Frater JL. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32543073/ How I investigate neutropenia]. Int J Lab Hematol. 2020 Jun;42 Suppl 1:121-132. doi: 10.1111/ijlh.13210. PMID: 32543073</ref>.
 
Neutropenia can be caused by<ref>Christopher Gibson, Nancy Berliner; [https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/124/8/1251/33512/How-we-evaluate-and-treat-neutropenia-in-adults How we evaluate and treat neutropenia in adults]. Blood 2014; 124 (8): 1251–1258. doi: <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-02-482612</nowiki></ref>:
 
* <span class="s2"></span>Congenital neutropenia
* <span class="s2"></span>Infection
* <span class="s2"></span>Drug induced
* <span class="s2"></span>Autoimmune response
* <span class="s2"></span>Malignancy
* <span class="s2"></span>Dietary deficiencies
 
<br>  


== Clinical Presentation  ==
== Clinical Presentation  ==

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Introduction[edit | edit source]

Neutropenia is a low level of neutrophils in the blood[1]. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell, that support the immune system to fight injection by ingesting and killing invading microorganisms[2]. Neutropenia is defined as less than 1500 neutrophils per micro-litre of blood. It can be classed as mild (1000-1500 neutrophils per micro-litre), moderate ([[1]] neutrophils per micro-litre) or severe (less than 500 neutrophils per micro-litre)[3]. Neutropenia leads to an increased risk of infection and this risk is directly correlated with how long a patient has been neutropenic and how severe the neutropenia is.   [3].

Aetiology[edit | edit source]

Neutropenia can develop due to a wide range of one or more causes[4].

Neutropenia can be caused by[5]:

  • Congenital neutropenia
  • Infection
  • Drug induced
  • Autoimmune response
  • Malignancy
  • Dietary deficiencies


Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]

add text here relating to the clinical presentation of the condition

Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]

add text here relating to diagnostic tests for the condition

Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]

add links to outcome measures here (see Outcome Measures Database)

Management / Interventions
[edit | edit source]

add text here relating to management approaches to the condition

Differential Diagnosis
[edit | edit source]

add text here relating to the differential diagnosis of this condition

Resources
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add appropriate resources here

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Copeland et al. Assessment of Neutropenia. BMJ. 2021
  2. ↑ Justiz Vaillant AA, Zito PM. Neutropenia. 2021 Nov 15. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan–. PMID: 29939524.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Schwartzberg LS. Neutropenia: etiology and pathogenesis. Clin Cornerstone. 2006;8 Suppl 5:S5-11. doi: 10.1016/s1098-3597(06)80053-0. PMID: 17379162.
  4. ↑ Frater JL. How I investigate neutropenia. Int J Lab Hematol. 2020 Jun;42 Suppl 1:121-132. doi: 10.1111/ijlh.13210. PMID: 32543073
  5. ↑ Christopher Gibson, Nancy Berliner; How we evaluate and treat neutropenia in adults. Blood 2014; 124 (8): 1251–1258. doi: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-02-482612
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