Acromegaly: Difference between revisions
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== Prevalence == | == Prevalence == | ||
*The prevalence of acromegaly is approximately 40-70 cases per million persons.<ref name="Cordero">2.</ref><ref name="Fleseriu">4.</ref> | *The prevalence of acromegaly is approximately 40-70 cases per million persons.<ref name="Cordero">2.</ref><ref name="Fleseriu">4.</ref> | ||
*However, new research suggests that the prevalence may be as high as 77 cases per million persons.<ref name="Fleseriu">4.</ref> | *However, new research suggests that the prevalence may be as high as 77 cases per million persons.<ref name="Fleseriu">4.</ref> | ||
*The annual incidence of acromegaly is approximately is 3-4 new cases per million persons.<ref name="Fleseriu">4.</ref> | |||
== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == | == Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == | ||
Revision as of 00:35, 19 March 2011
Original Editors - Alex Kent from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.
Lead Editors - Your name will be added here if you are a lead editor on this page. Read more.
Definition/Description
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Acromegaly is a rare systemic disease which affects the entire body.[1] It is characterized by a hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) which the body is unable to regulate.[2] GH facilitates growth of muscles, internal organs, and bones, as well as stimulating secretion of its target hormone insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).[1] ,[3] The extremely high levels of GH and IGF-1 which typify acromegaly cause tissue enlargement and metabolic changes that result in visible deformity as well as an increase in mortality.[2][4] The disease often begins between the ages of 30 and 50, and has an insidious onset and slow progression, often delaying diagnosis until later stages of the disease.[2][3]
Prevalence[edit | edit source]
- The prevalence of acromegaly is approximately 40-70 cases per million persons.[2][4]
- However, new research suggests that the prevalence may be as high as 77 cases per million persons.[4]
- The annual incidence of acromegaly is approximately is 3-4 new cases per million persons.[4]
Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Acromegaly affects many of the body's systems, and various signs and symptoms develop over a period of several years.[5] They range from subtle changes to notable disfigurement.[2]
Clinical Presentation[2][3][5][6]:
- Hand and foot enlargement
- Hyperhydrosis- increased perspiration
- Increased skin thickness
- Darkening and thickening of body hair
- Frontal skull bossing- an abnormally heavy brow and prominent forehead
- Widening of the maxilla accompanied by separation of the teeth
- Jaw malocclusion and overbite
- Soft tissue enlargement
- Skeletal overgrowth and thickening causing many areas to appear swollen
- Deep and husky voice due to thickening of cartilage in the larynx
- Ventilatory dysfunction
- Weight gain
- Joint pain
- Sleep apnea
- Acne
- Vision problems
Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]
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Medications[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]
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Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]
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Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]
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Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Alternative/Holistic Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
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Case Reports/ Case Studies[edit | edit source]
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Resources
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1. Vance M. Acromegaly: a fascinating pituitary disorder. Neurosurg Focus 2010;29(4):1. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Vance" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2. Cordero RA, Barkan AL. Current diagnosis of acromegaly. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2008;9:13-19. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Cordero" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Cordero" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Cordero" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Cordero" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Cordero" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.Merck Manual Home Edition. Acromegaly and gigantism: pituitary gland disorders. http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/print/sec13/ch162e.html (Accessed March 11 2011). Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Merck" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Merck" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.Fleseriu M, Delashaw JB, Cook DM. Acromegaly: a review of current medical therapy and new drugs on the horizon. Neurosurg Focus 2010;29(4):E15. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Fleseriu" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Fleseriu" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Fleseriu" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 5.0 5.1 5. Reid TJ, Post KD, Bruce JN, Kanibir MN, Reyes-Vidal CM, Freda PU. Features at diagnosis of 324 patients with acromegaly did not change from 1981 to 2006: acromegaly remains under-recognized and under-diagnosed. Clinical Endocrinology 2010;72:203-208. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Reid" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 6.Melmed S. Acromegaly pathogenesis and treatment. J. Clin. Invest 2009;119:3189-3202.
