HIV and Ageing: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major global public health issue and has become a manageable chronic health condition, enabling people living with HIV to live longer and healthy<ref>Piot P, Bartos M, Ghys PD, Walker N, Schwartländer B. The global impact of HIV/AIDS. Nature. 2001 Apr;410(6831):968-73. | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major global public health issue and has become a manageable chronic health condition, enabling people living with HIV to live longer and healthy.<ref>Piot P, Bartos M, Ghys PD, Walker N, Schwartländer B. The global impact of HIV/AIDS. Nature. 2001 Apr;410(6831):968-73.</ref> There is a significant trend in the global HIV epidemic is the growing number of people aged 50 years and older, who are living with HIV. The life expectancy of people living with HIV has dramatically improved due to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART).<ref name=":1">UNAIDS H. aging: a special supplement to the UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic. 2013.</ref> With the effective ART people with HIV are living longer than previously. Ageing is as a result of biological events that progressively and irreversibly compromise the function of vital organs. Ageing are faster in people living with HIV (PLWH) than general population, there is an increased PLWH living with age-related comorbidities.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
== Prevalence of HIV among aged population == | == Prevalence of HIV among aged population == | ||
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* Worldwide, an estimated 3.6 [3.2-3.9] million people aged 50years and older are living with HIV. | * Worldwide, an estimated 3.6 [3.2-3.9] million people aged 50years and older are living with HIV. | ||
* 10% of the adult population living with HIV in low-and middle-income countries. | * 10% of the adult population living with HIV in low-and middle-income countries. | ||
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6- Due to relationship between systematic inflammation and the development of comorbidities in HIV, aerobic exercise have be shown in some studies to be the intervention to significantly decrease markers of systemic inflammation in PLWH. | 6- Due to relationship between systematic inflammation and the development of comorbidities in HIV, aerobic exercise have be shown in some studies to be the intervention to significantly decrease markers of systemic inflammation in PLWH. | ||
Effect of exercise on HIV and aging | == Effect of exercise on HIV and aging == | ||
The effect of exercise on HIV and aging have been shown to improve aerobic and muscular fitness, and metabolic risk profile and to a lesser extent systemic inflammation, a combined aerobic and resistance exercise training(CARET). | The effect of exercise on HIV and aging have been shown to improve aerobic and muscular fitness, and metabolic risk profile and to a lesser extent systemic inflammation, a combined aerobic and resistance exercise training(CARET). <ref name=":0" /> | ||
References | == References == | ||
Revision as of 19:14, 12 January 2022
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major global public health issue and has become a manageable chronic health condition, enabling people living with HIV to live longer and healthy.[1] There is a significant trend in the global HIV epidemic is the growing number of people aged 50 years and older, who are living with HIV. The life expectancy of people living with HIV has dramatically improved due to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART).[2] With the effective ART people with HIV are living longer than previously. Ageing is as a result of biological events that progressively and irreversibly compromise the function of vital organs. Ageing are faster in people living with HIV (PLWH) than general population, there is an increased PLWH living with age-related comorbidities.[3]
Prevalence of HIV among aged population[edit | edit source]
- Worldwide, an estimated 3.6 [3.2-3.9] million people aged 50years and older are living with HIV.
- 10% of the adult population living with HIV in low-and middle-income countries.
- In high-income countries, approximately 30% of all adults living with are aged 50years and over.
- Since 2007, the proportion of adults living with HIV that is aged 50years and older has increased in all regions.
Factors that increase aged HIV-patients population[edit | edit source]
- Successful antiretroviral therapy
- Decreased HIV incidence among younger adults•
- Shift in the disease burden to older ages.
Process of aging in HIV-patients[edit | edit source]
Various risk factors linked to HIV, as well as those not linked to HIV, have an impact on the biology of aging and the emergence of coinfections. These phenomena are closely linked to sociodemographic factors as well as the severity of immune system damage caused by untreated infection, resulting in a range of comorbidity risks. In some instances, ART are associated with increased risk of geriatric syndromes such as falls, fractures, and dementia in the elderly population.[3] The effect of HIV on aging is usually association with increase on the development of age-associated comorbidities on people living with HIV (PWLH). The risk of developing this comorbidities in PLWH is higher compare to that of the general population. This comorbidities such as , anal cancer, osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease appear at earlier age in PWLH while others comorbidities such as cataracts or prostate hypertrophy are not associated with an earlier onset or increased risk in PLWH. [3] As a result, treated HIV can altered the aging process and increase commodities in PLWH, however this impact might not be uniform in accelerating aging.
Preventing comorbidities[edit | edit source]
Since people living with HIV are now living longer, there are posibliities of increased burden of comorbidities among PLWH as they get older
1Risk behaviors such as smoking and injectable drug use are likely to remain a major driver behind the development of comorbidities in the treated HIV population. Positive health promotion should implemented among PLWH to minimized development of comorbidities at old aged among PLWH. 2- Early treatment of HIV infection can reduced the effect of the infection on the early development comorbidity in PLWH. 3- Adherence to modern antiretroviral therapy that has proved to have minimal effect in causing comorbidities in PLWH. 4- Preventive and screening procedures should be emphasized in vulnerable population and evaluated for commodities during their follow-up visit. Presence of comorbidities warrant management of PLWH by HIV and multidisciplinary team. 5- Lifestyle modifications factors associated with an increased risk of comorbidities such as fighting smoking should serve as an interventions in people living with HIV (PLWH) 6- Due to relationship between systematic inflammation and the development of comorbidities in HIV, aerobic exercise have be shown in some studies to be the intervention to significantly decrease markers of systemic inflammation in PLWH.
Effect of exercise on HIV and aging[edit | edit source]
The effect of exercise on HIV and aging have been shown to improve aerobic and muscular fitness, and metabolic risk profile and to a lesser extent systemic inflammation, a combined aerobic and resistance exercise training(CARET). [3]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Piot P, Bartos M, Ghys PD, Walker N, Schwartländer B. The global impact of HIV/AIDS. Nature. 2001 Apr;410(6831):968-73.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 UNAIDS H. aging: a special supplement to the UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic. 2013.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Martínez-Sanz J, Serrano-Villar S, Vivancos MJ, Rubio R, Moreno S, HIV-associated comorbidities Study Group. Management of Comorbidities in Treated HIV Infection: A Long Way to Go: HIV, comorbidities and aging. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2021 Dec 3:106493.
