Rigidity: Difference between revisions
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* Stiff Man Syndrome | * Stiff Man Syndrome | ||
* Niemann-Pick disease, type A | * Niemann-Pick disease, type A | ||
* Spinocerebellar ataxia - 43,17,2 | * Spinocerebellar ataxia - type 43, 17, 2 | ||
== Definition == | == Definition == | ||
Rigidity is a hypertonic state characterized by constant resistance throughout range of motion that is independent of the velocity of movement. It is the result of excessive supraspinal drive (upper motor neuron facilitation) acting on alpha motor neurons; spinal reflex mechanisms are typically normal.<ref>O'Sullivan SB, Schmitz TJ, Fulk G. Physical rehabilitation. FA Davis; 2019 Jan 25.</ref> | Rigidity is a hypertonic state characterized by constant resistance throughout range of motion that is independent of the velocity of movement. It is the result of excessive supraspinal drive (upper motor neuron facilitation) acting on alpha motor neurons; spinal reflex mechanisms are typically normal.<ref>O'Sullivan SB, Schmitz TJ, Fulk G. Physical rehabilitation. FA Davis; 2019 Jan 25.</ref> | ||
'Rigidity" is defined as hypertonia in which all of the following are true<ref>Sanger TD, Delgado MR, Gaebler-Spira D, Hallett M, Mink JW. Classification and definition of disorders causing hypertonia in childhood. Pediatrics. 2003 Jan 1;111(1):e89-97.</ref>: | |||
# The resistance to externally imposed joint movement is present at very low speeds of movement, does not depend on imposed speed, and does not exhibit a speed or angle threshold | |||
# Simultaneous co-contraction of agonists and antagonists may occur, and this is reflected in an immediate resistance to a reversal of the direction of movement about a joint | |||
# The limb does not tend to return toward a particular fixed posture or extreme joint angle | |||
# Voluntary activity in distant muscle groups does not lead to involuntary movements about the rigid joints, although rigidity may worsen. | |||
== Anatomy == | == Anatomy == | ||
Revision as of 11:30, 31 December 2020
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Rigidity, which is often used as a synonym to Hypertonia by many authors, is a common muscle tone disorder in which there is resistance to passive movement irrespective of posture and velocity. It is one of the cardinal features of Parkinson's Disease and is usually present in extrapyramidal disorders. It affects the agonists and the antagonists equally.
It can be seen in -
- Parkinson's Syndrome
- Corticobasal Syndrome
- Huntington's Disease
- Multiple System Atrophy
- Stiff Man Syndrome
- Niemann-Pick disease, type A
- Spinocerebellar ataxia - type 43, 17, 2
Definition[edit | edit source]
Rigidity is a hypertonic state characterized by constant resistance throughout range of motion that is independent of the velocity of movement. It is the result of excessive supraspinal drive (upper motor neuron facilitation) acting on alpha motor neurons; spinal reflex mechanisms are typically normal.[1]
'Rigidity" is defined as hypertonia in which all of the following are true[2]:
- The resistance to externally imposed joint movement is present at very low speeds of movement, does not depend on imposed speed, and does not exhibit a speed or angle threshold
- Simultaneous co-contraction of agonists and antagonists may occur, and this is reflected in an immediate resistance to a reversal of the direction of movement about a joint
- The limb does not tend to return toward a particular fixed posture or extreme joint angle
- Voluntary activity in distant muscle groups does not lead to involuntary movements about the rigid joints, although rigidity may worsen.
