Box and Block Test: Difference between revisions
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=== Reliability === | === Reliability === | ||
<u>Test-retest Reliability</u>: | |||
Acute and Chronic Stroke: (Chen et al, 2009) <ref name="Chen et al">Chen, H. M., Chen, C. C., et al. "Test-retest reproducibility and smallest real difference of 5 hand function tests in patients with stroke." Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2009 23(5): 435-440</ref> | |||
*Excellent test-retest reliability when tested on more affected (r = 0.98) and less affected hand (r = 0.93) | |||
<br>Upper Limb Impairment: (Desrosiers et al, 1994; n = 35 able bodied subjects; mean age = 71.7(60-89) years; n = 34 subjects with impairment; mean age = 74.5(65-87) years) <ref name="Desrosiers et al">Desrosiers, J., Bravo, G., et al. "Validation of the Box and Block Test as a measure of dexterity of elderly people: reliability, validity, and norms studies." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994 75: 751-755</ref> | |||
*Excellent test-retest reliability of the right hand for able bodied subjects (ICC= 0.97) | |||
*Excellent test-retest reliability of the left hand for able bodied subjects (ICC= 0.96) | |||
*Excellent test-retest reliability of the right hand for subjects with impairment (ICC= 0.90) | |||
*Excellent test-retest reliability of the left hand for subjects with impairment (ICC= 0.89) | |||
Upper Extremity Paresis: (Platz et al, 2005; n = 56 people with upper limb paresis as a result of stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and traumatic brain injury (TBI); median age = 54(13-92) years; n = 37 for stroke; median age = 62(22-92) years; n = 14 for MS; median age = 43(28-60) years; n = 5 for TBI; median age = 34(13-50) years) <ref name="Platz et al">Platz, T., Pinkowski, C., et al. "Reliability and validity of arm function assessment with standardized guidelines for the Fugl-Meyer Test, Action Research Arm Test and Box and Block Test: a multicentre study." Clin Rehabil 2005 19(4): 404-411</ref> | |||
*Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.96) | |||
Spastic Hemiplegia: (Siebers et al, 2010) <ref name="Siebers et al">Siebers, A., Oberg, U., et al. "The effect of modified constraint-induced movement therapy on spasticity and motor function of the affected arm in patients with chronic stroke." Physiother Can 2010 62(4): 388-396</ref> | |||
*Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.95) | |||
<u>Interrater/Intrarater Reliability:</u> | |||
<u></u>Normal Adults: (Mathiowetz et al, 1985) <ref name="Mathiowetz et al">Mathiowetz, V., Volland, G., et al. "Adult norms for the Box and Block Test of manual dexterity." Am J Occup Ther 1985 39(3160243): 386-391</ref> | |||
*Excellent interrater reliability for the right hand (r = 1.00) | |||
*Excellent interrater reliability for the left hand (r = 0.99) | |||
Upper Extremity Paresis: (Platz et al, 2005) <ref name="Platz et al">Platz, T., Pinkowski, C., et al. "Reliability and validity of arm function assessment with standardized guidelines for the Fugl-Meyer Test, Action Research Arm Test and Box and Block Test: a multicentre study." Clin Rehabil 2005 19(4): 404-411</ref> | |||
*Excellent interrater reliability (ICC = 0.99) | |||
Spastic Hemiplegia: (Siebers et al, 2010) <ref name="Siebers et al">Siebers, A., Oberg, U., et al. "The effect of modified constraint-induced movement therapy on spasticity and motor function of the affected arm in patients with chronic stroke." Physiother Can 2010 62(4): 388-396</ref> | |||
*Excellent interrater reliability (r = 0.95) | |||
Fibromyalgia: (Canny et al, 2009; n = 30 participants with fibromyalgia; mean age = 46.9(range 20-68) years; n = 30 healthy participants; mean age= 41.2(29-52) years) <ref name="Canny et al">Canny, M. L., Thompson, J. M., et al. "Reliability of the box and block test of manual dexterity for use with patients with fibromyalgia." Am J Occup Ther 2009 63(4): 506-510</ref> | |||
*Excellent intrarater reliability for participants with fibromyalgia (ICC = 0.90) | |||
*Excellent intrarater reliability for healthy participants (ICC = 0.98) | |||
*Excellent interrater reliability for participants with fibromyalgia (ICC = 0.85) | |||
*Excellent interrater reliability for healthy participants (ICC = 0.80) | |||
=== Validity === | === Validity === | ||
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=== Responsiveness === | === Responsiveness === | ||
=== Miscellaneous | === Miscellaneous<br> === | ||
== Links == | == Links == |
Revision as of 15:24, 4 August 2014
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Objective
[edit | edit source]
The Box and Block Test is an objective measure of assessing unilateral gross manual dexterity
Intended Population
[edit | edit source]
Those with a range of neurological diagnoses including:
- Stroke
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
- Neuromuscular Disorders
- Geriatric
- Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
- Fibromyalgia
Method of Use[edit | edit source]
Equipment Required:
- Stopwatch
- Wooden box dimensioned in 53.7 cm x 25.4 cm x 8.5 cm
- Partition (should be placed at the middle of the box, dividing it in two containers of 25.4 cm each)
- 150 wooden cubes (2.5 cm in size)
Set-Up:
- A test box with 150 blocks and a partition in the middle is placed lengthwise along the edge of a standard-height table
- The patient should be seated on a standard height chair facing the box 150 blocks should be in the compartment of the test box on the side of the patient’s dominant hand
- The examiner should face the patient so she or he could view the blocks being transported
Description:
The patient is allowed a 15-second trial period prior to testing
- Individuals are seated at a table, facing a rectangular box that is divided into two square compartments of equal dimension by means of a partition.
- One hundred and fifty, 2.5 cm, colored, wooden cubes or blocks are placed in one compartment or the other.
- The individual is instructed to move as many blocks as possible, one at a time, from one compartment to the other for a period of 60 seconds.
- Standardized dimensions for the test materials and procedures for test administration and scoring have been provided by Mathiowetz et al, 1985.
- To administer the test, the examiner is seated opposite the individual in order to observe test performance.
- The BBT is scored by counting the number of blocks carried over the partition from one compartment to the other during the one-minute trial period.
- Patient’s hand must cross over the partition in order for a point to be given, and blocks that drop or bounce out of the second compartment onto the floor are still rewarded with a point.
- Multiple blocks carried over at the same time count as a single point.
- Higher scores on the test indicate better gross manual dexterity
Reference
[edit | edit source]
Evidence[edit | edit source]
Reliability[edit | edit source]
Test-retest Reliability:
Acute and Chronic Stroke: (Chen et al, 2009) [1]
- Excellent test-retest reliability when tested on more affected (r = 0.98) and less affected hand (r = 0.93)
Upper Limb Impairment: (Desrosiers et al, 1994; n = 35 able bodied subjects; mean age = 71.7(60-89) years; n = 34 subjects with impairment; mean age = 74.5(65-87) years) [2]
- Excellent test-retest reliability of the right hand for able bodied subjects (ICC= 0.97)
- Excellent test-retest reliability of the left hand for able bodied subjects (ICC= 0.96)
- Excellent test-retest reliability of the right hand for subjects with impairment (ICC= 0.90)
- Excellent test-retest reliability of the left hand for subjects with impairment (ICC= 0.89)
Upper Extremity Paresis: (Platz et al, 2005; n = 56 people with upper limb paresis as a result of stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and traumatic brain injury (TBI); median age = 54(13-92) years; n = 37 for stroke; median age = 62(22-92) years; n = 14 for MS; median age = 43(28-60) years; n = 5 for TBI; median age = 34(13-50) years) [3]
- Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.96)
Spastic Hemiplegia: (Siebers et al, 2010) [4]
- Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.95)
Interrater/Intrarater Reliability:
Normal Adults: (Mathiowetz et al, 1985) [5]
- Excellent interrater reliability for the right hand (r = 1.00)
- Excellent interrater reliability for the left hand (r = 0.99)
Upper Extremity Paresis: (Platz et al, 2005) [3]
- Excellent interrater reliability (ICC = 0.99)
Spastic Hemiplegia: (Siebers et al, 2010) [4]
- Excellent interrater reliability (r = 0.95)
Fibromyalgia: (Canny et al, 2009; n = 30 participants with fibromyalgia; mean age = 46.9(range 20-68) years; n = 30 healthy participants; mean age= 41.2(29-52) years) [6]
- Excellent intrarater reliability for participants with fibromyalgia (ICC = 0.90)
- Excellent intrarater reliability for healthy participants (ICC = 0.98)
- Excellent interrater reliability for participants with fibromyalgia (ICC = 0.85)
- Excellent interrater reliability for healthy participants (ICC = 0.80)
Validity[edit | edit source]
Responsiveness[edit | edit source]
Miscellaneous
[edit | edit source]
Links[edit | edit source]
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
References will automatically be added here, see adding references tutorial.
- ↑ Chen, H. M., Chen, C. C., et al. "Test-retest reproducibility and smallest real difference of 5 hand function tests in patients with stroke." Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2009 23(5): 435-440
- ↑ Desrosiers, J., Bravo, G., et al. "Validation of the Box and Block Test as a measure of dexterity of elderly people: reliability, validity, and norms studies." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994 75: 751-755
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Platz, T., Pinkowski, C., et al. "Reliability and validity of arm function assessment with standardized guidelines for the Fugl-Meyer Test, Action Research Arm Test and Box and Block Test: a multicentre study." Clin Rehabil 2005 19(4): 404-411
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Siebers, A., Oberg, U., et al. "The effect of modified constraint-induced movement therapy on spasticity and motor function of the affected arm in patients with chronic stroke." Physiother Can 2010 62(4): 388-396
- ↑ Mathiowetz, V., Volland, G., et al. "Adult norms for the Box and Block Test of manual dexterity." Am J Occup Ther 1985 39(3160243): 386-391
- ↑ Canny, M. L., Thompson, J. M., et al. "Reliability of the box and block test of manual dexterity for use with patients with fibromyalgia." Am J Occup Ther 2009 63(4): 506-510