Fluid Excess/Intoxication: Difference between revisions
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| ''' Causes''' | | ''' Causes''' | ||
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| '''Water Intoxication''' | | ''' Water Intoxication''' | ||
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*Accumulation of solute-free fluid generally as a result of excess ADH from tumors or endocrine disorders | *Accumulation of solute-free fluid generally as a result of excess ADH from tumors or endocrine disorders | ||
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| '''Edema''' | | ''' Edema''' | ||
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Can occur from many different situations, most commonly: | Can occur from many different situations, most commonly: |
Revision as of 23:14, 21 March 2013
Original Editors - Jordan Benock & Riley Benock from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.
Lead Editors - Your name will be added here if you are a lead editor on this page. Read more.
Definition/Description
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Fluid excess can occur in two main ways in the body, water intoxication and edema. [1]
Water Intoxication - The result of an excess of extracellular water without having an excess of solutes. Due to this imbalance, the extracellular fluid (ECF) becomes diluted causing water to move into cells to equalize solute concentration on each side of the cell. Hyponatremia, a potentially lethal situation, may occur if high volumes of water are comsumed without solute replacement. [1]
Edema - The excess of both solutes and water, which is also termed isotonic volume excess. The additional fluid is retained in the extracellular compartment resulting in fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces. [1]
Prevalence[edit | edit source]
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Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Water Intoxication Clinical S&S: [1]
- Decreased mental alertness
- Sleepiness
- Anorexia
- Poor motor coordination
- Confusion
In severe imbalances:
- Convulsions
- Sudden weight gain
- Hyperventilation
- Warm, moist skin
- Signs of increased intracerebral pressure
- Slow pulse
- Increased SBP (more than 10 mm Hg)
- Decreased DBP (more than 10 mm Hg)
- Mild peripheral edema
- Low serum sodium
- Low hematocrit
Edema Clinical S&S: [1]
- Weight gain (primary symptom)
- Excess fluid
- Dependent edema (accumulation of fluid in lower parts of the body)
- Pitting edema
- Increased blood pressure
- Neck vein engorgement
- Effusions (pulmonary, pericardial, peritoneal)
- CHF
Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]
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Medications[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]
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Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]
Due to the etiologic complex, symptoms, and outcomes that are related to the two major forms of fluid excess being substantially different, they will be broked down individually. [1]
Causes | |
Water Intoxication |
Occurs most often in older adults recovering from the flu who drink additional water with associated diarrhea and vomiting, or in athletes who have lost compious amounts of body fluids and replaced them solely with water. |
Edema |
Can occur from many different situations, most commonly:
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Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]
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Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Alternative/Holistic Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
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Case Reports/ Case Studies[edit | edit source]
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Resources
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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