Pelvic Floor Anatomy: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
Line 51: | Line 51: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Levator Ani (Pubococcygeus and Iliococcygeus) | | Levator Ani (Pubococcygeus and Iliococcygeus) | ||
| Body of pubis, tendinous arch of obturator fascia, ischial spine | | Body of pubis, tendinous arch of obturator fascia, ischial spine | ||
| Perineal body, coccyx, anococcygeal lig, walls of prostate or vagina, rectum & anal canal | | Perineal body, coccyx, anococcygeal lig, walls of prostate or vagina, rectum & anal canal | ||
| Helps to support pelvic viscera & resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure | | Helps to support pelvic viscera & resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure | ||
| Nerve to levator ani (branches of S4) & inferior anal (rectal) nerve & coccygeal plexus | | Nerve to levator ani (branches of S4) & inferior anal (rectal) nerve & coccygeal plexus | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Levator Ani (Puborectalis) | | Levator Ani (Puborectalis) | ||
| Lower part of pubic symphysis and superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm | |||
| | | | ||
| | | Control defecation | ||
| | | | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 73: | Line 74: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ischiococcygeus | | Ischiococcygeus | ||
| Ischial Spine | | Ischial Spine | ||
| Inferior aspect of sacrum | | Inferior aspect of sacrum | ||
| Supports pelvic viscera, flexion of coccyx | | Supports pelvic viscera, flexion of coccyx | ||
| Branches of S4 & S5 | | Branches of S4 & S5 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Sphincter urethrae | | Sphincter urethrae | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | Control flow of urine through urethra | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | |
Revision as of 00:24, 6 April 2014
The Pelvic Floor - Overview and Function[edit | edit source]
The pelvic floor is an area of muscle and connective tissue that spans the area underneath the pelvis, separating the pelvic cavity above from the perineal region below. It provides support to the pelvic viscera including the bladder, intestines and uterus (in females). It also assists with continence through control of the urinary and anal sphincters. It facilitates birth by resisting the descent of the presenting part, causing the fetus to rotate forwards to navigate through the pelvic girdle. Finally , it helps to maintain optimal intraabdominal pressure.
Osteology and Ligaments[edit | edit source]
Pelvic Floor Myology[edit | edit source]
Pelvic diaphragm
- Levator ani - pubococcygeus, puborectalis, iliococcygeus
- Ischiococcygeus
Sphincter urethrae
Perineal membrane
Superficial genital muscles;
- Bulbocavernosus (bulbospongiosus in men)
- Ischiocavernosus
- Superficial transverse perineal
Associated muscles;
- Piriformis
- Obturator internus
- Adductors
- Gluteals
- Transverse abdominus
- Multifidus
- Respiratory diaphragm
Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Action | Nerve Supply |
Levator Ani (Pubococcygeus and Iliococcygeus) | Body of pubis, tendinous arch of obturator fascia, ischial spine | Perineal body, coccyx, anococcygeal lig, walls of prostate or vagina, rectum & anal canal | Helps to support pelvic viscera & resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure | Nerve to levator ani (branches of S4) & inferior anal (rectal) nerve & coccygeal plexus
|
Levator Ani (Puborectalis) | Lower part of pubic symphysis and superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm | Control defecation |
| |
| ||||
Ischiococcygeus | Ischial Spine | Inferior aspect of sacrum | Supports pelvic viscera, flexion of coccyx | Branches of S4 & S5 |
Sphincter urethrae | Control flow of urine through urethra | |||