Autonomic Nervous System and Spinal Cord Injury: Difference between revisions
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== ANS and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) == | == ANS and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) == | ||
After a spinal cord injury, all three subsystems of the autonomic nervous system are affected due to their anatomical location, loss of supraspinal influence, and sustained responses to afferent stimuli.<ref name=":0">Henke AM, Billington ZJ, Gater DR Jr. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9320320/pdf/jpm-12-01110.pdf Autonomic Dysfunction and Management after Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review.] J Pers Med. 2022 Jul 7;12(7):1110.</ref> The pathophysiological responses from the ANS | After a spinal cord injury, all three subsystems of the autonomic nervous system are affected due to their anatomical location, loss of supraspinal influence, and sustained responses to afferent stimuli.<ref name=":0">Henke AM, Billington ZJ, Gater DR Jr. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9320320/pdf/jpm-12-01110.pdf Autonomic Dysfunction and Management after Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review.] J Pers Med. 2022 Jul 7;12(7):1110.</ref> The pathophysiological responses from the ANS that contribute to the comorbidities and mortality of SCI include the following systems:<ref name=":0" /><ref>Harding M. Autonomic Nervous System and Spinal Cord Injury. Plus Course 2024</ref> | ||
* Cardiovascular due to parasympathetic dominance with weakening influence of the sympathetic nervous system in cervical and high thoracic levels of spinal cord injury | |||
** Low resting arterial blood pressure | |||
** Postural hypotension | |||
** Autonomic dysreflexia (Acute hypertension) | |||
** Bradycardia or arrhythmia | |||
* Thermoregulatory | |||
** Poikilothermia | |||
*** Absorbing an encompassing temperature as a result of inability to regulate core body temperature | |||
** Quad fever (idiopathic hyperpyrexia) | |||
** Exercise-induced fever | |||
** Hyperhidrosis or hypohidrosis | |||
* Respiratory | |||
** Bronchiolar constriction, | |||
** Hyper-reactive airways | |||
** Increased mucus secretion | |||
* Gastrointestinal | |||
** Acute and chronic increased in gastric acid secretions | |||
** High rates of biliary sludge, cholelithiasis and cholecystitis | |||
** Increased transit time at the distal colon | |||
** Reflex colorectal contractions | |||
*** Constipation or bowel incontinence | |||
* Genitourinary | |||
** Bladder and bowel dysfunction | |||
** Sexual function affecting arousal, ejaculation, and orgasm | |||
** Problems during pregnancy, labour, and breastfeeding | |||
And other procedures, such as functional electrical stimulation, surgery, invasive investigational procedures such as urodynamic studies. And then also during pain or injury: stretches, fractures, or UTIs. | |||
== Assessment of ANS in SCI == | == Assessment of ANS in SCI == |
Revision as of 12:22, 17 March 2024
Original Editor - User Name
Top Contributors - Ewa Jaraczewska, Jess Bell, Kim Jackson and Nupur Smit Shah
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)[edit | edit source]
There are two main functions of the autonomic nervous system:
- regulating visceral functions
- maintaining homeostasis within the human body
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)[edit | edit source]
Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)[edit | edit source]
Enteric Nervous System (ENS)[edit | edit source]
ANS and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)[edit | edit source]
After a spinal cord injury, all three subsystems of the autonomic nervous system are affected due to their anatomical location, loss of supraspinal influence, and sustained responses to afferent stimuli.[1] The pathophysiological responses from the ANS that contribute to the comorbidities and mortality of SCI include the following systems:[1][2]
- Cardiovascular due to parasympathetic dominance with weakening influence of the sympathetic nervous system in cervical and high thoracic levels of spinal cord injury
- Low resting arterial blood pressure
- Postural hypotension
- Autonomic dysreflexia (Acute hypertension)
- Bradycardia or arrhythmia
- Thermoregulatory
- Poikilothermia
- Absorbing an encompassing temperature as a result of inability to regulate core body temperature
- Quad fever (idiopathic hyperpyrexia)
- Exercise-induced fever
- Hyperhidrosis or hypohidrosis
- Poikilothermia
- Respiratory
- Bronchiolar constriction,
- Hyper-reactive airways
- Increased mucus secretion
- Gastrointestinal
- Acute and chronic increased in gastric acid secretions
- High rates of biliary sludge, cholelithiasis and cholecystitis
- Increased transit time at the distal colon
- Reflex colorectal contractions
- Constipation or bowel incontinence
- Genitourinary
- Bladder and bowel dysfunction
- Sexual function affecting arousal, ejaculation, and orgasm
- Problems during pregnancy, labour, and breastfeeding
And other procedures, such as functional electrical stimulation, surgery, invasive investigational procedures such as urodynamic studies. And then also during pain or injury: stretches, fractures, or UTIs.
Assessment of ANS in SCI[edit | edit source]
Function of the ANS in SCI[edit | edit source]
Resources[edit | edit source]
- bulleted list
- x
or
- numbered list
- x
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Henke AM, Billington ZJ, Gater DR Jr. Autonomic Dysfunction and Management after Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review. J Pers Med. 2022 Jul 7;12(7):1110.
- ↑ Harding M. Autonomic Nervous System and Spinal Cord Injury. Plus Course 2024