The Built Environment and Ultraviolet Light as Environmental Concerns in Sport: Difference between revisions
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Spectator behaviour can influence athlete performance in various ways<ref name=":0">Calleja P, Muscat A, Decelis A. The effects of audience behaviour on football players’ performance. Journal of New Studies in Sport Management. 2022 Mar 1;3(1):336-53.</ref>: | |||
Spectators can be supportive or non-supportive and influence the psychological aspects of athletes<ref name=":0" /> | |||
The presence of spectators has been shown to "enhance the dominant responses of the performer" McCarrick et al.<ref name=":1">McCarrick D, Bilalic M, Neave N, Wolfson S. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8422080/pdf/main.pdf Home advantage during the COVID-19 pandemic: Analyses of European football leagues.] Psychology of sport and exercise. 2021 Sep 1;56:102013.</ref> analysed home advantage in European football leagues of the 2019/2020 season. The first part of the season was played with spectators present and the latter without any spectators. The study showed that in games without spectators there were less offensive opportunities for players, resulting in fewer goals scored and fewer points gained in the league.<ref name=":1" /> | |||
Most children enjoy having their parents as spectators, but sometimes their presence can lead to anxiety, especially when parents are exhibiting negative behaviour and derogatory comments.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
Violent behaviour by spectators can be caused by factors such as<ref name=":0" />: | |||
psychological factors (feeling of adrenaline) | |||
influence of alcohol | |||
sporting rivalries | |||
socio-political factors | |||
reaction to their team's performance | |||
Racism in sport has recently been in the spotlight with spectators insulting players, petitions against contracting certain athletes, and the setting-up of racist banners.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
Athletes do feel the pressure from spectators and it may influence the skills of individual players and the performance of the team.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
Transportation | Transportation | ||
Revision as of 09:50, 1 February 2023
Original Editor - User Name
Top Contributors - Wanda van Niekerk and Jess Bell
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Built Environment as Environmental Concern[edit | edit source]
Practice/competition facilities
Playing surface
Lighting
The task of lighting a sports field is a complex and important feature. Adequate and suitable lighting helps both athletes and spectators in terms of general safety. Poor lighting may increase the risk of injury and may even influence the course of the match played.[1] Proper illumination of a sports playing field can improve player performance, reduce injury risk and the competition may be more balanced.[2] Bright stadium lights may be distracting, but with the use of light emitting diodes (LED) lighting this can be addressed. Light Emitting Diodes (LED) lighting used in sports are different than the type of lighting used in offices and homes. The brightness of these lights are closer to the brightness of the sun and it improves visibility and clarity. It also allows for uniform lighting on a sports field which can make tracking a ball easier for instance.
Interesting blog post to read: How does LED light improve sports players performance[3]
Spectator proximity / behaviour
Spectator behaviour can influence athlete performance in various ways[4]:
Spectators can be supportive or non-supportive and influence the psychological aspects of athletes[4]
The presence of spectators has been shown to "enhance the dominant responses of the performer" McCarrick et al.[5] analysed home advantage in European football leagues of the 2019/2020 season. The first part of the season was played with spectators present and the latter without any spectators. The study showed that in games without spectators there were less offensive opportunities for players, resulting in fewer goals scored and fewer points gained in the league.[5]
Most children enjoy having their parents as spectators, but sometimes their presence can lead to anxiety, especially when parents are exhibiting negative behaviour and derogatory comments.[4]
Violent behaviour by spectators can be caused by factors such as[4]:
psychological factors (feeling of adrenaline)
influence of alcohol
sporting rivalries
socio-political factors
reaction to their team's performance
Racism in sport has recently been in the spotlight with spectators insulting players, petitions against contracting certain athletes, and the setting-up of racist banners.[4]
Athletes do feel the pressure from spectators and it may influence the skills of individual players and the performance of the team.[4]
Transportation
Accomodation
Food
Sub Heading 3[edit | edit source]
Resources[edit | edit source]
- bulleted list
- x
or
- numbered list
- x
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Tepina MS, Gorlenko NV, Murzin MA. Studying the Impact of the Light Environment on the Health of Athletes Using the Example of an Educational Institution. InIOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2022 Feb 1 (Vol. 988, No. 2, p. 022069). IOP Publishing.
- ↑ Salis JP, Suresh A, Shailesh KR. Lighting Design of An Indoor Sports Facility-A Case Study. In2019 Second International Conference on Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms (ICACCP) 2019 Feb 25 (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
- ↑ Sportlightsupply.com. How does LED light improve sports players performance. Available from https://sportlightsupply.com/how-does-led-light-improve-sports-players-performance/ (last accessed 01/02/2022)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Calleja P, Muscat A, Decelis A. The effects of audience behaviour on football players’ performance. Journal of New Studies in Sport Management. 2022 Mar 1;3(1):336-53.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 McCarrick D, Bilalic M, Neave N, Wolfson S. Home advantage during the COVID-19 pandemic: Analyses of European football leagues. Psychology of sport and exercise. 2021 Sep 1;56:102013.
