Triangles of the Neck: Difference between revisions
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
{{#ev:youtube|CUvmlf3Wxng}} <ref>5MinuteSchool. TRIANGLES OF THE NECK ANATOMY MADE EASY - EXPLAINED in 3 MINUTES!! CERVICAL TRIANGLES. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUvmlf3Wxng [last accessed 05/11/2020]</ref> | |||
The neck, as a geometric region, can be clinically divided using anatomical triangles. The [[Sternocleidomastoid|sternocleidomastoid muscle]] obliquely crosses the neck to form the division between the two major neck triangles: anterior triangle and posterior triangle. Both triangles are further divided into sub-triangles: <ref name=":0">Kikuta S, Iwanaga J, Kusukawa J, Tubbs RS. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6624334/#:~:text=The%20three%20paired%20triangles%20are,triangle%20is%20the%20submental%20triangle. Triangles of the neck: a review with clinical/surgical applications. Anatomy & Cell Biology.] 2019 Jun 1;52(2):120-7.</ref><ref>Kohan EJ, Wirth GA. [https://www.plasticsurgery.theclinics.com/article/S0094-1298(13)00103-X/fulltext Anatomy of the neck.] Clinics in plastic surgery. 2014 Jan 1;41(1):1-6.</ref> | The neck, as a geometric region, can be clinically divided using anatomical triangles. The [[Sternocleidomastoid|sternocleidomastoid muscle]] obliquely crosses the neck to form the division between the two major neck triangles: anterior triangle and posterior triangle. Both triangles are further divided into sub-triangles: <ref name=":0">Kikuta S, Iwanaga J, Kusukawa J, Tubbs RS. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6624334/#:~:text=The%20three%20paired%20triangles%20are,triangle%20is%20the%20submental%20triangle. Triangles of the neck: a review with clinical/surgical applications. Anatomy & Cell Biology.] 2019 Jun 1;52(2):120-7.</ref><ref>Kohan EJ, Wirth GA. [https://www.plasticsurgery.theclinics.com/article/S0094-1298(13)00103-X/fulltext Anatomy of the neck.] Clinics in plastic surgery. 2014 Jan 1;41(1):1-6.</ref> | ||
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* inferiorly by the superior border of the clavicle | * inferiorly by the superior border of the clavicle | ||
* posteriorly by the anterior margin of the trapezius muscle. | * posteriorly by the anterior margin of the trapezius muscle. | ||
== Anterior Triangle == | == Anterior Triangle == | ||
Borders:<ref name=":0" /><ref>Stathakios J, Carron MA. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554398/#:~:text=Anterior%20Triangle,border%20of%20the%20sternocleidomastoid%20muscle. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Neck Triangle]. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Jul 31. StatPearls Publishing.</ref> | Borders:<ref name=":0" /><ref>Stathakios J, Carron MA. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554398/#:~:text=Anterior%20Triangle,border%20of%20the%20sternocleidomastoid%20muscle. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Neck Triangle]. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Jul 31. StatPearls Publishing.</ref> | ||
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Borders:<ref name=":0" /><ref>Casale J, Varacallo M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534833/#:~:text=The%20submandibular%20triangle%20is%20bounded,formed%20by%20the%20mylohyoid%20muscle. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Submandibular Triangle]. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2022. PMID: 30521254.</ref> | Borders:<ref name=":0" /><ref>Casale J, Varacallo M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534833/#:~:text=The%20submandibular%20triangle%20is%20bounded,formed%20by%20the%20mylohyoid%20muscle. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Submandibular Triangle]. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2022. PMID: 30521254.</ref> | ||
* Superior | * Superior - inferior border of mandible | ||
* Anterior | * Anterior - anterior belly of digastric muscle | ||
* Posterior | * Posterior - posterior belly of digastric muscle | ||
* Inferior | * Inferior - hyoid bone | ||
Floor: mylohyoid muscle | Floor: mylohyoid muscle | ||
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=== Muscular Triangle === | === Muscular Triangle === | ||
Borders:<ref name=":0" /> | |||
* Anterior- midline of neck | |||
* Inferoposterior- anterior margin of the SCM | |||
* Posterosuperior- superior belly of the omohyoid muscle | |||
Contents:<ref name=":0" /> | |||
* Blood vessels: superior thyroid artery, anterior jugular and inferior thyroid veins | |||
* Lymphatics: anterior cervical, infrahyoid, prelaryngeal, thyroid, pretracheal, paratracheal lymph nodes | |||
* Muscles: thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid muscles | |||
* Nerves: ansa cervicalis (C1-3) | |||
* Organs: esophagus, trachea, thyroid gland, and the lower part of the larynx. | |||
=== Submental Triangle === | |||
Borders:<ref name=":0" /> | |||
* Inferior - hyoid bone | |||
* Lateral - anterior belly of digastric muscle | |||
* Medial - midline of neck | |||
Floor: mylohyoid muscle | |||
Contents:<ref name=":0" /> | |||
* submental lymph nodes | |||
* anterior jugular vein | |||
== Posterior Triangle == | == Posterior Triangle == |
Revision as of 17:00, 28 December 2022
Description[edit | edit source]
The neck, as a geometric region, can be clinically divided using anatomical triangles. The sternocleidomastoid muscle obliquely crosses the neck to form the division between the two major neck triangles: anterior triangle and posterior triangle. Both triangles are further divided into sub-triangles: [2][3]
- Anterior Triangle
- Digastric/Submandibular Triangle
- Carotid Triangle
- Muscular Triangle
- Submental Triangle
- Posterior Triangle
- Occipital Triangle
- Subclavian/Supraclavicular
The neck is limited[2]:
- superiorly by the inferior border of the mandible
- anteriorly by midline of the neck
- inferiorly by the superior border of the clavicle
- posteriorly by the anterior margin of the trapezius muscle.
Anterior Triangle[edit | edit source]
- Superior border - inferior border of mandible
- Medial border- midline of neck
- Lateral border- anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
The Anterior Triangle has an apex that extends to the manubrium of sternum. It is made up of three paired triangles: submandibular (digastric), carotid, and muscular (omotracheal/infrahyoid) triangles, and one unpaired triangle: submental triangle.
Submandibular/Digastric Triangle[edit | edit source]
- Superior - inferior border of mandible
- Anterior - anterior belly of digastric muscle
- Posterior - posterior belly of digastric muscle
- Inferior - hyoid bone
Floor: mylohyoid muscle
Contents:[2]
- Glands and lymphatics: submandibular gland and lymph nodes, lower pole of the parotid gland.
- Blood vessels: facial, lingual and submental arteries and veins
- Nerves: marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve, nerve to the mylohyoid, hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and the
Carotid Triangle[edit | edit source]
Borders:[2]
- Superior - stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric muscles
- Anterior - superior belly of omohyoid muscle
- Posterior - anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
Floor: hyoglossus, thyrohyoid, and inferior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles
Contents:[2]
- Arteries: common carotid and its bifurcation into internal and external carotid arteries, superior thyroid, lingual, facial, occipital, and ascending pharyngeal arteries
- Veins: internal jugular, superior thyroid, lingual, facial, ascending pharyngeal, and occipital veins
- Nerves: external and internal branches of the superior laryngeal nerve arising from the vagus nerve (CN X), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
Muscular Triangle[edit | edit source]
Borders:[2]
- Anterior- midline of neck
- Inferoposterior- anterior margin of the SCM
- Posterosuperior- superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
Contents:[2]
- Blood vessels: superior thyroid artery, anterior jugular and inferior thyroid veins
- Lymphatics: anterior cervical, infrahyoid, prelaryngeal, thyroid, pretracheal, paratracheal lymph nodes
- Muscles: thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid muscles
- Nerves: ansa cervicalis (C1-3)
- Organs: esophagus, trachea, thyroid gland, and the lower part of the larynx.
Submental Triangle[edit | edit source]
Borders:[2]
- Inferior - hyoid bone
- Lateral - anterior belly of digastric muscle
- Medial - midline of neck
Floor: mylohyoid muscle
Contents:[2]
- submental lymph nodes
- anterior jugular vein
Posterior Triangle[edit | edit source]
Occipital Triangle[edit | edit source]
Subclavian/Supraclavicular Triangle[edit | edit source]
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 5MinuteSchool. TRIANGLES OF THE NECK ANATOMY MADE EASY - EXPLAINED in 3 MINUTES!! CERVICAL TRIANGLES. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUvmlf3Wxng [last accessed 05/11/2020]
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 Kikuta S, Iwanaga J, Kusukawa J, Tubbs RS. Triangles of the neck: a review with clinical/surgical applications. Anatomy & Cell Biology. 2019 Jun 1;52(2):120-7.
- ↑ Kohan EJ, Wirth GA. Anatomy of the neck. Clinics in plastic surgery. 2014 Jan 1;41(1):1-6.
- ↑ Stathakios J, Carron MA. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Neck Triangle. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Jul 31. StatPearls Publishing.
- ↑ Casale J, Varacallo M. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Submandibular Triangle. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2022. PMID: 30521254.