CRISPR Technology: Difference between revisions
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== What is CRISPR? == | == What is CRISPR? == | ||
CRISPR is a gene editing technology that originates from | CRISPR is a gene editing technology that originates from an adaptive component of bacterial immune systems that can cut DNA like a precise molecular scissors. <ref name=":0">Synthego. The ultimate guide to CRISPR: Mechanism, applications, methods & more. Available from: https://www.synthego.com/learn/crispr (accessed 22/6/2022)</ref> It stands for '''C'''lustered '''R'''egularly '''I'''nterspaced '''S'''hort '''P'''alindromic '''R'''epeats'''.'''<ref name=":0" /> | ||
CRISPR is a precision medicine tool that mainly works by finding a specific DNA inside a cell and altering that DNA. CRISPR also works by turning on or off genes without altering their sequence. <ref>Replogle J., Saunders R., Pogson A., [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867422005979 Mapping information-rich genotype - phenotype landscapes with genome - scale Perturb -seq. Cel]l 2022; ''in press''</ref> The system consists of two parts: a '''C'''RISP '''as'''sociated (Cas) nuclease whose role is to connect and cut DNA, and a guide RNA sequense (gRNA) which directs the Cas to its target. <ref name=":0" /> | CRISPR is a precision medicine tool that mainly works by finding a specific DNA inside a cell and altering that DNA. CRISPR also works by turning on or off genes without altering their sequence. <ref>Replogle J., Saunders R., Pogson A., [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867422005979 Mapping information-rich genotype - phenotype landscapes with genome - scale Perturb -seq. Cel]l 2022; ''in press''</ref> The system consists of two parts: a '''C'''RISP '''as'''sociated (Cas) nuclease whose role is to connect and cut DNA, and a guide RNA sequense (gRNA) which directs the Cas to its target. <ref name=":0" /> | ||
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== Where is CRISPR used? == | == Where is CRISPR used? == | ||
CRISPR is widely used in scientific research but it may be also used in clinical practice. By allowing scientists to explore the connection of genes to their function and rewrite genetic code, it can be applied to curing cancer, [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Genetic_Conditions_and_Inheritance genetic conditions] such as sickle cell disease and [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Genetic_Conditions_and_Inheritance hereditary disorders] leading to blindness. | CRISPR is widely used in scientific research but it may be also used in clinical practice. By allowing scientists to explore the connection of genes to their function and rewrite genetic code, it can be applied to <ref>Ledford H. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32157225/ CRISPR treatment inserted directly into the body for the first time]. Nature 2020; 579:185. </ref><ref>Sun J-Y., Hu H-B., Cheng Y-X., Lu X-L. [https://academic.oup.com/bfg/article/19/3/151/5838014?login=true CRISPR in medicine: applications and challenges. Briefings in functional genomics] 2020; 19(3): 151-153. </ref> | ||
* establishing disease reasearch models, | |||
* identifying pathogenic genes, | |||
* screening novel drug targets, and | |||
* developing treatment for curing cancer, [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Genetic_Conditions_and_Inheritance genetic conditions] such as sickle cell disease and [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Genetic_Conditions_and_Inheritance hereditary disorders] leading to blindness. | |||
== Relevance to physiotherapy == | == Relevance to physiotherapy == | ||
Reports suggest the potential of this technology for the study and treatment of intervertebral disc pathologies <ref name=":1">Krupkova O., Cambria E., Besse L., Besse A., Bowles R., Wuertz K. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31463435/ The potential of CRISPR /Cas9 genome editing for the study and treatment of intervertebral disc pathologies]. JOR Spine 2018; 1(1):E1003.</ref> | Reports suggest the potential of this technology for the study and treatment of conditions such as intervertebral disc pathologies <ref name=":1">Krupkova O., Cambria E., Besse L., Besse A., Bowles R., Wuertz K. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31463435/ The potential of CRISPR /Cas9 genome editing for the study and treatment of intervertebral disc pathologies]. JOR Spine 2018; 1(1):E1003.</ref> However, by answering important questions on pathway interactions, simulating related pathologies, and by promoting drug development and therapy, <ref name=":1" /> CRISPR may change the profile and/or the scope of conditions managed in the future by physiotherapists. | ||
== Resources == | == Resources == | ||
Latest revision as of 11:59, 26 June 2022
Original Editor - Angeliki Chorti Top Contributors - Angeliki Chorti
What is CRISPR?[edit | edit source]
CRISPR is a gene editing technology that originates from an adaptive component of bacterial immune systems that can cut DNA like a precise molecular scissors. [1] It stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats.[1]
CRISPR is a precision medicine tool that mainly works by finding a specific DNA inside a cell and altering that DNA. CRISPR also works by turning on or off genes without altering their sequence. [2] The system consists of two parts: a CRISP associated (Cas) nuclease whose role is to connect and cut DNA, and a guide RNA sequense (gRNA) which directs the Cas to its target. [1]
Watch this video explaining the CRISPR function:
Where is CRISPR used?[edit | edit source]
CRISPR is widely used in scientific research but it may be also used in clinical practice. By allowing scientists to explore the connection of genes to their function and rewrite genetic code, it can be applied to [3][4]
- establishing disease reasearch models,
- identifying pathogenic genes,
- screening novel drug targets, and
- developing treatment for curing cancer, genetic conditions such as sickle cell disease and hereditary disorders leading to blindness.
Relevance to physiotherapy[edit | edit source]
Reports suggest the potential of this technology for the study and treatment of conditions such as intervertebral disc pathologies [5] However, by answering important questions on pathway interactions, simulating related pathologies, and by promoting drug development and therapy, [5] CRISPR may change the profile and/or the scope of conditions managed in the future by physiotherapists.
Resources[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Synthego. The ultimate guide to CRISPR: Mechanism, applications, methods & more. Available from: https://www.synthego.com/learn/crispr (accessed 22/6/2022)
- ↑ Replogle J., Saunders R., Pogson A., Mapping information-rich genotype - phenotype landscapes with genome - scale Perturb -seq. Cell 2022; in press
- ↑ Ledford H. CRISPR treatment inserted directly into the body for the first time. Nature 2020; 579:185.
- ↑ Sun J-Y., Hu H-B., Cheng Y-X., Lu X-L. CRISPR in medicine: applications and challenges. Briefings in functional genomics 2020; 19(3): 151-153.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Krupkova O., Cambria E., Besse L., Besse A., Bowles R., Wuertz K. The potential of CRISPR /Cas9 genome editing for the study and treatment of intervertebral disc pathologies. JOR Spine 2018; 1(1):E1003.
