Hormone Replacement Therapy: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a menopause treatment that relieves symptoms. As you approach menopause, it replaces hormones that are at a lower level.<ref name=":0">Sullivan SD, Sarrel PM, Nelson LM. Hormone replacement therapy in young women with primary ovarian insufficiency and early menopause. Fertility and sterility. 2016 Dec 1;106(7):1588-99.</ref> | Menopause is a physiological change that occurs in women around the age of 51. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) combines oestrogen with a progestogen to protect the endometrium in women who still have their uterus. <ref name=":1">Hickey M, Elliott J, Davison SL. Hormone replacement therapy. Bmj. 2012 Feb 16;344.</ref>Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a menopause treatment that relieves symptoms. As you approach menopause, it replaces hormones that are at a lower level.<ref name=":0">Sullivan SD, Sarrel PM, Nelson LM. Hormone replacement therapy in young women with primary ovarian insufficiency and early menopause. Fertility and sterility. 2016 Dec 1;106(7):1588-99.</ref> | ||
== Types of hormone replacement therapy == | == Types of hormone replacement therapy == | ||
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) - most women take a combination of oestrogen and progestogen, and oestrogen alone.<ref name=":0" /> | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) - most women take a combination of oestrogen and progestogen, and oestrogen alone.<ref name=":0" /> Oral, intravaginal, or transdermal oestrogen (oestradiol, oestradiol 17, oestrone, or conjugated equine oestrogen) The progestogen can be taken orally, applied topically, or administered through an intrauterine device . Oestrogen is used daily in HRT regimens, with progestogen added sequentially (cyclic regimen) or daily (continuous combined regimen) as needed. Tibolone is a synthetic steroid that has oestrogenic, androgenic, and progestogenic effects and can be taken as HRT. HRT can be supplemented with testosterone.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
* Progestins | * Progestins | ||
* Tibolone | |||
* Testosterone | * Testosterone | ||
* Dehydroepiandrosterone | * Dehydroepiandrosterone | ||
* Custom Compounding | * Custom Compounding | ||
== Indications of hormone replacement therapy == | |||
The presence of bothersome vasomotor symptoms is the main indication for HRT. Vasomotor symptoms are common during the menopause transition and affect about 80% of women and are severe in about 20% of these women. The duration of these symptoms varies, with a median of four years, but may continue for as many as 12 years in about 10% of women. HRT may be indicated when menopausal symptoms are adversely affecting quality of life.<ref name=":1" /> | |||
===== vasomotor symptoms ===== | |||
* hot flushes | |||
* nightsweats, | |||
* with or without awakening | |||
== Benefits of hormone replacement therapy == | == Benefits of hormone replacement therapy == |
Revision as of 11:07, 28 May 2022
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Menopause is a physiological change that occurs in women around the age of 51. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) combines oestrogen with a progestogen to protect the endometrium in women who still have their uterus. [1]Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a menopause treatment that relieves symptoms. As you approach menopause, it replaces hormones that are at a lower level.[2]
Types of hormone replacement therapy[edit | edit source]
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) - most women take a combination of oestrogen and progestogen, and oestrogen alone.[2] Oral, intravaginal, or transdermal oestrogen (oestradiol, oestradiol 17, oestrone, or conjugated equine oestrogen) The progestogen can be taken orally, applied topically, or administered through an intrauterine device . Oestrogen is used daily in HRT regimens, with progestogen added sequentially (cyclic regimen) or daily (continuous combined regimen) as needed. Tibolone is a synthetic steroid that has oestrogenic, androgenic, and progestogenic effects and can be taken as HRT. HRT can be supplemented with testosterone.[1]
- Progestins
- Tibolone
- Testosterone
- Dehydroepiandrosterone
- Custom Compounding
Indications of hormone replacement therapy[edit | edit source]
The presence of bothersome vasomotor symptoms is the main indication for HRT. Vasomotor symptoms are common during the menopause transition and affect about 80% of women and are severe in about 20% of these women. The duration of these symptoms varies, with a median of four years, but may continue for as many as 12 years in about 10% of women. HRT may be indicated when menopausal symptoms are adversely affecting quality of life.[1]
vasomotor symptoms[edit | edit source]
- hot flushes
- nightsweats,
- with or without awakening
Benefits of hormone replacement therapy[edit | edit source]
- Menopausal symptoms: HRT is widely used for the established indications of menopausal symptoms.
- Osteoporotic fractures: An older population with severe osteoporosis might have enjoyed greater protection from fractures with HRT. Some studies also found out the uses HRT reduces vertebral and hip fractures.
- Cardiovascular disease: HRT is used high cholesterol levels and for coronary heart disease. Hence, for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
- Healthy living: Women who use HRT have a significantly decreased risk of disease and death than women who do not.
- Breast cancer: The risk of metastases among breast cancer patients who had used HRT was significantly decreased; this suggests that these cancers were localized to the breast and potentially had a better prognosis.
- Colorectal cancer: studies suggested that estrogen reduces the risk of colorectal cancer. While other studies found out that HRT bring about protection of colorectal cancer with increased in duration of use.
- Brain: some studies have found out that may have effect on the brain. A beneficial effect on verbal memory, vigilance, motor speed, and reasoning on symptomatic women.
Harms of hormone replacement therapy.[edit | edit source]
Harms of HRT include coronary heart disease, stroke, and thromboembolism (especially during early use). The risk of breast cancer and cholecystitis increases with longer use.[3]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Hickey M, Elliott J, Davison SL. Hormone replacement therapy. Bmj. 2012 Feb 16;344.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sullivan SD, Sarrel PM, Nelson LM. Hormone replacement therapy in young women with primary ovarian insufficiency and early menopause. Fertility and sterility. 2016 Dec 1;106(7):1588-99.
- ↑ Grimes DA, Lobo RA. Perspectives on the Women’s Health Initiative trial of hormone replacement therapy. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2002 Dec 1;100(6):1344-53.