Clubbing: Difference between revisions
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== Clinical Presentation == | == Clinical Presentation == | ||
Stages of digital clubbing. | |||
stage 1: peri-ungual erythema and softening of nail bed | |||
stage 2: increase in the normal 160° angle between the nail bed and the proximal nail fold occurs, resulting in convexity as the nails grow. Eventually, the depth of distal phalanx increases and distal inter-phalangeal joint may become hyper-extensible. At this stage, finger develops a clubbed appearance | |||
Stage 3: Finally, the nail and peri-ungual skin appear shiny and nail develops longitudinal ridging. This whole process usually takes years but in certain conditions, clubbing may develop sub-acutely (e.g. lung abscess, empyema thorasis). <ref>Sarkar M, Mahesh DM, Madabhavi I. Digital clubbing. Lung India. 2012;29:354-362. </ref><br> | |||
== Diagnostic Procedures == | == Diagnostic Procedures == |
Revision as of 16:19, 13 May 2022
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Clinically Relevant Anatomy
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add text here relating to clinically relevant anatomy of the condition
Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process[edit | edit source]
Clubbing is often associated with numerous gastrointestinal and cardiorespiratory diseases. Such as:
- Lung cancer
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Bronchiectasis
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- Endocarditis
- Congenital heart disease
- Ulcerative colitis
- Crohn's disease
- Liver disease (primary biliary cirrhosis)
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Stages of digital clubbing.
stage 1: peri-ungual erythema and softening of nail bed
stage 2: increase in the normal 160° angle between the nail bed and the proximal nail fold occurs, resulting in convexity as the nails grow. Eventually, the depth of distal phalanx increases and distal inter-phalangeal joint may become hyper-extensible. At this stage, finger develops a clubbed appearance
Stage 3: Finally, the nail and peri-ungual skin appear shiny and nail develops longitudinal ridging. This whole process usually takes years but in certain conditions, clubbing may develop sub-acutely (e.g. lung abscess, empyema thorasis). [1]
Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]
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Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]
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Management / Interventions
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Differential Diagnosis
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Resources
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Sarkar M, Mahesh DM, Madabhavi I. Digital clubbing. Lung India. 2012;29:354-362.