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| <div class="editorbox"> | | <div class="editorbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:User Name|User Name]] <br> |
| '''Original Editor '''- Your name will be added here if you created the original content for this page. | |
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| '''Lead Editors''' - Your name will be added here if you are a lead editor on this page. [[Physiopedia:Editors|Read more.]] | | '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> |
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| == [[Image:Colored Spine.jpg|right|This is a picture of the spinal nerves exiting the verterbal column. The nerves are color coded by section]][[Image:Cauda Equina.gif|right|This is a close up picture of the cauda equina.]] ==
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| | == Clinically Relevant Anatomy<br> == |
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| == Clinically Relevant Anatomy<br> ==
| | add text here relating to '''''clinically relevant''''' anatomy of the condition<br> |
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| Dengenerative Disc Disease (DDD) is thought to begin with changes to the annulus fibrosis, intervertebral disc, and subchondral bone. The process of degeneration is divided into three classifications including: early dysfunction, intermediate instability, and final stabilization.<ref> Dutton M. Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hll; 2008.</ref> <br>
| | == Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process<br> == |
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| == Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process<br> ==
| | add text here relating to the mechanism of injury and/or pathology of the condition<br> |
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| Degenerative disc disease refers to a condition in which the involved disc causes LBP. Lumbar degenerative disc disease is usually the result of a twisting injury to the lower back, such as when a person swings a golf club or rotates to put an object on a surface to the side of or behind them. <ref>Ullrich, P. F. (2006 11 6). Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease. Retrieved 06 02, 2009, from Degenerative Disc Disease: http://www.spine-health.com/conditions/degenerative-disc-disease/lumbar-degenerative-disc-disease</ref><br>
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| The pain is also frequently caused by simple wear and tear on the spine and comes with the general aging process.<br>
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| Degenerative disc disease is fairly common, and it is estimated that at least 30% of people aged 30-50 years old will have some degree of disc space degeneration, although not all will have pain or ever receive a formal diagnosis. <ref>Ullrich, P. F. (2006 11 6). Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease. Retrieved 06 02, 2009, from Degenerative Disc Disease: http://www.spine-health.com/conditions/degenerative-disc-disease/lumbar-degenerative-disc-disease</ref><br>
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| == Clinical Presentation == | | == Clinical Presentation == |
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| People with DDD will have low back pain; however there are varying levels of severity. Pain is often chronic, but one with DDD can experience varying episodes of exacerbation where pain levels are elevated <ref>Ulrich, P. F. (2005, 11 29). Common Symptoms of Degenerative Disc Disease. Retrieved 06 02, 2009, from Degenerative Disc Disease: http://www.spine-health.com/conditions/degenerative-disc-disease/common-symptoms-degenerative-disc-disease</ref>
| | add text here relating to the clinical presentation of the condition<br> |
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| Activities that typically increase pain include:
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| *Sitting for extended periods of time
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| *Rotating, bending, or lifting
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| Activities that typically decrease pain include:
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| *Changing positions often
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| *Lying down
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| *Staying active;<ref>Ulrich, P. F. (2005, 11 29). Common Symptoms of Degenerative Disc Disease. Retrieved 06 02, 2009, from Degenerative Disc Disease: http://www.spine-health.com/conditions/degenerative-disc-disease/common-symptoms-degenerative-disc-disease</ref>
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| == Diagnostic Procedures == | | == Diagnostic Procedures == |
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| Patients may present with a history of Chronic LBP, and can experience symptoms into the buttock. They may also state a history of spine stiffness that gets worse with activity and tenderness with palpation over involved area. <ref>Thompson, J.C. MD. Netter's Concise Atlas of Orthopaedic Anatomy. (2002) Saunders Elsevier. p.36-7</ref>
| | add text here relating to diagnostic tests for the condition<br> |
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| Xray findings are used to diagnose DDD. Anterior-Posterior and lateral views are taken; presence of osteophytes, narrowing of the disc joint space, or a “vacuum sign” is noted. <ref>Thompson, J.C. MD. Netter's Concise Atlas of Orthopaedic Anatomy. (2002) Saunders Elsevier. p.36-7</ref>
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| == Outcome Measures == | | == Outcome Measures == |
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| add links to outcome measures here (see [[Outcome Measures|Outcome Measures Database]]) | | add links to outcome measures here (see [[Outcome Measures|Outcome Measures Database]]) |
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| == Management / Interventions<br> == | | == Management / Interventions<br> == |
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| == Differential Diagnosis<br> ==
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| == Key Evidence == | | == Differential Diagnosis<br> == |
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| add text here relating to key evidence with regards to any of the above headings<br> | | add text here relating to the differential diagnosis of this condition<br> |
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| == Resources <br> == | | == Resources <br> == |
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| == Case Studies ==
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| add links to case studies here (case studies should be added on new pages using the [[Template:Case Study|case study template]])<br>
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| <div class="researchbox">
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| == Recent Related Research (from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ Pubmed]) ==
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| <rss>Feed goes here!!|charset=UTF-8|short|max=10</rss>
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| </div>
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| == References == | | == References == |
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| References will automatically be added here, see [[Adding References|adding references tutorial]].
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| <references /> | | <references /> |