Sport Injury Epidemiology: Difference between revisions
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Incidence measures the occurrence of new injuries in a population. | Incidence measures the occurrence of new injuries in a population. | ||
{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTp_ONVVrh8}}<ref>Medmastery. Incidence and Prevalence - Everything you need to know. Published on 29 July 2016. Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTp_ONVVrh8. [last accessed 4 January 2020]</ref> | {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTp_ONVVrh8}}<ref>Medmastery. Incidence and Prevalence - Everything you need to know. Published on 29 July 2016. Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTp_ONVVrh8. [last accessed 4 January 2020]</ref> | ||
== Characteristics, Incidence and Nature of Injuries == | |||
Various injury surveillance programs exist across a wide range of sports i.e. Olympics (the IOC Injury and Illness Surveillance System for Multi-sport events), FIFA World Cup Injury Surveillance System, Rugby World Cup Injury Surveillance System, IAAF Injury Surveillance System. As already emphasized these surveillance methods are crucial in the effective protection of the health of athletes (Soligard 2016). Epidemiological data is essential to contribute to better planning and provision of athlete health care. Furthermore it is important in the development of injury and illness preventative measures. (Soligard et al 2016). Some aspects included in injury surveillance systems are discussed below. | |||
=== Injury Incidence === | |||
In longitudinal injury surveillance systems, injury incidences can be compared to earlier results and changes can be identified. These observed changes in injury incidence can be attributed to various factors such as: | |||
* changes in competition rules (Engebretsen 2013) | |||
* change in competition program (i.e. new sports introduced at Olympics) (Soligard 2017) | |||
* changes in equipment | |||
* changes in environmental factors | |||
* | |||
== Resources == | == Resources == |
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Injury and illness epidemiology research in sport has grown over the last couple of years. Many international governing bodies of sport and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) have systems in place to conduct surveillance studies at various sporting events. (ref) Factors that influence this growing interest include injury and illness prevention and the long-term protection of athletes' health. (ref)Not only does an injury impact the health of an athlete, it also influences their ability to train as well as their performance. Furthermore, it influences their preparation for competition and their ability to take part in competitions. This in turn may have a significant effect on their lifetime dreams and goals of success as an athlete.
The overall risk of injury can be quantified through information about the incidence, severity and nature (location and type) of sports injuries. This in turn may provide information that can aid proper injury prevention initiatives. (ref) The goal of sport injury epidemiology is thus to provide information on various determinants of sport injury incidence (ref).
Determinants of Sport Injury Incidence[edit | edit source]
- Is there a greater risk of injury in certain sports?
- What parts of the body are more likely to be injured?
- What type of injuries are most likely to occur?
- What sports are more dangerous?
- What sports often have more severe injuries?
- What factors influence the likelihood of an injury?
- Can injuries be prevented?
- Are injury prevention strategies effective?
When considering these determinants, sport injury epidemiology can be defined as: "The study of the distibrution and determinatns of sports injuries for the purpose of identifying and implementing measures to prevent their development." (ref)
Principles and Methods of Sport Injury Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
Study Designs[edit | edit source]
A basic understanding of study design and related terms are necessary to understand and interpret data sports injuries. The two basic types of study designs are:
- Descriptive studies - primarily used to understand the scope of the problem and identifying trends
- Analytical studies - to assess risk and identify risk factors
Usually the research question to be answered drives the decision as to which study design to implement.
Types of Study Designs[edit | edit source]
The table below gives a good overview of the types of study designs (adapted from ....)
Study Design | Uses | Population |
---|---|---|
Case Series | to assess the scope of the problem | injured participants |
Cross-sectional | determine prevalence of a problem in defined population | all participants or a sample of participants in a defined area |
Case-control | evaluate risk factors among injured and non-injured participants | injured participants and controls (non-injured) |
Case-crossover | to evaluate proximal risk factors among injured participants | injured participants |
Prospective (cohort) | assess incidence of an injury
investigate cause and effect |
uninjured cohort with assessment of exposure |
Randomised controlled trial | gold standard
assess incidence, risk factors and causality assess prevention strategies |
uninjured cohort with assessment of exposure and random assignment to treatment groups/interventions |
Incidence and Prevalence[edit | edit source]
Two key concepts in sport injury epidemiology is incidence and prevalence.
Prevalence is defined as: the proportion of currently injured athletes in a sports population. For example in a sports team prevalence is the number of players unable to play or practice as a result of injury on a particular day. Note that prevalence is defined at a specific moment in time.
Incidence measures the occurrence of new injuries in a population.
Characteristics, Incidence and Nature of Injuries[edit | edit source]
Various injury surveillance programs exist across a wide range of sports i.e. Olympics (the IOC Injury and Illness Surveillance System for Multi-sport events), FIFA World Cup Injury Surveillance System, Rugby World Cup Injury Surveillance System, IAAF Injury Surveillance System. As already emphasized these surveillance methods are crucial in the effective protection of the health of athletes (Soligard 2016). Epidemiological data is essential to contribute to better planning and provision of athlete health care. Furthermore it is important in the development of injury and illness preventative measures. (Soligard et al 2016). Some aspects included in injury surveillance systems are discussed below.
Injury Incidence[edit | edit source]
In longitudinal injury surveillance systems, injury incidences can be compared to earlier results and changes can be identified. These observed changes in injury incidence can be attributed to various factors such as:
- changes in competition rules (Engebretsen 2013)
- change in competition program (i.e. new sports introduced at Olympics) (Soligard 2017)
- changes in equipment
- changes in environmental factors
Resources[edit | edit source]
- bulleted list
- x
or
- numbered list
- x
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Medmastery. Incidence and Prevalence - Everything you need to know. Published on 29 July 2016. Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTp_ONVVrh8. [last accessed 4 January 2020]