Temporal Arteritis (Giant Cell Arteritis): Difference between revisions

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== Medications  ==
== Medications  ==


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High dose corticosteroids <ref name="chew" />(4).<br>


== Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values  ==
== Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values  ==

Revision as of 17:06, 10 April 2016

 

Welcome to PT 635 Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems This is a wiki created by and for the students in the School of Physical Therapy at Bellarmine University in Louisville KY. Please do not edit unless you are involved in this project, but please come back in the near future to check out new information!!

Original Editors - Students from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.

Top Contributors - Kiersten Young, Savannah Lane, Lucinda hampton, Elaine Lonnemann, 127.0.0.1, WikiSysop, Kim Jackson and Sehriban Ozmen  

Definition/Description[edit | edit source]

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), also known as temporal arteritis or granulomatous arteritis, is a systemic inflammatory vasculitis that affects medium-sized to large arteries [1]. The primary arteries involved are the medium-sized muscular arteries, such as the cranial and extracranial branches of the carotid artery [2]. GCA is closely linked to polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), a systemic rheumatic inflammatory disorder with unknown causes [2]. GCA and PMR usually occur together in the same patient [1].

Prevalence
[edit | edit source]

GCA is the most frequent primary vasculitis, which predominantly affects Caucasian people over the age of 50[1]. 95% of cases occur in patients older than 55 years[3]. Women are 2-6 times more likely to be affected than men[1][3]. Giant cell arteritis occurs in 25% of all cases of polymyalgia rheumatica (PR)[2]. GCA is more frequent among people of Scandinavian and Northern European descent[1].

Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]

Headaches/ generalized head pain, decreased visual acuity, diplopia, decreased color vision, visual field defect, aching/ stiffness of joints, conjunctival hyperanemia, cough, corneal oedema, iritis, Cranial symptoms such as jaw claudication, temporal artery tenderness, amaurosis fugax, decreased temporal pulse, and scalp pain present in the majority of cases[3][2][4].

Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]

  • Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR)
  • Visual Disturbances
  • Facial pain
  • Osteoporosis
  • Hypokalemia
  • Various infections such as oral/esophageal thrush
  • Herpes Zoster[5]

Medications[edit | edit source]

High dose corticosteroids [1](4).

Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]

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Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]

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Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]

Less common symptoms affecting only about eight percent of those with the condition include: pleural effusion, coronary vasculitis, pericarditis, myocarditis, peripheral neuropathy, hearing loss, renal arteritis, lymph node hyperplasia, and abnormal liver function, mesenteric ischemia, sore throat, choking sensation.

Constitutional symptoms may include weight loss, malaise, fever, depression,polymyalgia rheumatica, and night sweats[1][3][4]

Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]

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Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]

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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

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Case Reports/ Case Studies[edit | edit source]

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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]

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References[edit | edit source]

see adding references tutorial.

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named chew
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named book
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named gurwood
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named smith
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named data

1. Chew S, Kerr N, Danesh-Meyer H. Giant cell arteritis. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2009;16(10):1263-1268[1]

2. Gurwood A, Malloy K. Giant cell arteritis. Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 2002;85(1):19-26.[2]

3. Goodman C, Snyder T. Differential diagnosis for physical therapists. St. Louis, Mo.: Saunders/Elsevier; 2013. [3]

5. Smith J, Swanson J. Giant Cell Arteritis. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 2014;54(8):1273-1289.[4]

6. Petri H, Nevitt A, Sarsour K, Napalkov P, Collinson N. Incidence of Giant Cell Arteritis and Characteristics of Patients: Data-Driven Analysis of Comorbidities. Arthritis Care & Research. 2015;67(3):390-395.[5]

  1. ↑ 1. Chew S, Kerr N, Danesh-Meyer H. Giant cell arteritis. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2009;16(10):1263-1268
  2. ↑ 2. Gurwood A, Malloy K. Giant cell arteritis. Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 2002;85(1):19-26.
  3. ↑ 3. Goodman C, Snyder T. Differential diagnosis for physical therapists. St. Louis, Mo.: Saunders/Elsevier; 2013.
  4. ↑ 5. Smith J, Swanson J. Giant Cell Arteritis. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 2014;54(8):1273-1289.
  5. ↑ 6. Petri H, Nevitt A, Sarsour K, Napalkov P, Collinson N. Incidence of Giant Cell Arteritis and Characteristics of Patients: Data-Driven Analysis of Comorbidities. Arthritis Care &amp; Research. 2015;67(3):390-395.
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