Windlass Test
Original Editor - Alesha Walker, Bilitis Crokaert
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Search Strategy[edit | edit source]
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Purpose of the test[edit | edit source]
Windlass-test is a test to determine plantar fascia abnormalities is terms of over- and underpronation. Such information is important clinically because it may provide healthcare professionals with a clear understanding bout the relationship between abnormalities and biomechanical influences.. [i]
The test achieves a direct stretch which can be effective in the treatment for plantar fasciitis.( diGiovanni et al., 2003,2006; Ross, 2002) For a tight plantar fascia stretch beyond the end range of motion is usually suggested to regain his proper flexibility. (Dogerty,1985)
The direct stretch onto plantar fascia by dorsiflexing the toes were more desired than Achilles tendon stretch alone in treating plantar fasciitis. DiGiovanni et al. (2003,2006) discovered that fascia stretch group demonstrated less pain and achieved higher activity level.[ii]<o:p></o:p>
The Windlass test is designed to detect presence of plantar fasciitis.
[i] Lori A. Bolga; Terry R. Malone: Plantar fasciitis and the Windlass Mechanism: A biomechanical link to Clinical Practice
[ii] Hsin-YI Kathy Cheng, Chun-Li Lin, Hsein-Wen Wang, Shih-Wei Chou; Finite element analysis of plantar fascia under stretch- the relative contribution of windlass mechanism and achilles tendon force. Journal of Biomechanics 41 (2008) 1937-1944
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Clinically Relevant Anatomy[edit | edit source]
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Performance of the test[edit | edit source]
Non-weight bearing: With the patient sitting, the clinician performs forceful great toe extension while stabilizing the ankle.
Weight bearing: With the patient in a weight bearing position, the clinician performs forceful great toe extension.
Diagnostic properties[edit | edit source]
Non-weight bearing:
Sensitivity: 0.18
Specificity: 0.99
Positive likelihood ratio: 16.21
Negative likelihood ratio: 0.82
Weight bearing:
Sensitivity: 0.33
Specificity: 0.99
Positive Likelihood Ratio: 28.70
Negative Likelihood Ratio: 0.68
Key Research[edit | edit source]
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Resources
[edit | edit source]
Brown C. A review of subcalcaneal heel pain and plantar fasciitis. Aust Fam Physician. 1996;25:875–885.
De Garceau D, Dean D, Requejo SM, Thordarson DB. The association between diagnosis of plantar fasciitis and Windlass test results. Foot Ankle Int. 2003;24:251–255.
Clinical Bottom Line[edit | edit source]
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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