Waddell Sign: Difference between revisions
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== Recent Related Research (from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ Pubmed]) == | |||
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== References == | |||
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== Purpose<br> == | == Purpose<br> == | ||
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example: If pain is found in testing hip flexion, observe the patient in tying his shoes | example: If pain is found in testing hip flexion, observe the patient in tying his shoes | ||
4. Regional disturbances – experiencing sensory or motor disturbances that are lacking in neurologic basis<br>5. Overreaction during examination (tension, grimacing, verbalization, tremors, etc.)<ref name="Waddell">Waddell, G., McCulloch, J.A., Kummel, E., Venner, R.M. (1980). Nonorganic Physical Signs in Low-Back Pain. Spine, 5(2), 117-125.</ref> | 4. Regional disturbances – experiencing sensory or motor disturbances that are lacking in neurologic basis<br>5. Overreaction during examination (tension, grimacing, verbalization, tremors, etc.)<ref name="Waddell">Waddell, G., McCulloch, J.A., Kummel, E., Venner, R.M. (1980). Nonorganic Physical Signs in Low-Back Pain. Spine, 5(2), 117-125.</ref> | ||
== Evidence == | == Evidence == | ||
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Provide the evidence for this technique here | Provide the evidence for this technique here | ||
== Resources<br> == | == Resources<br> == | ||
== References<br> == | == References<br> == | ||
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[[Category:Articles]] [[Category:Assessment]] [[Category:Special Tests]] | |||
Revision as of 22:25, 4 June 2009
Original Editor - Your name will be added here if you created the original content for this page.
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
References will automatically be added here, see adding references tutorial.
Purpose
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Waddell's signs were developed to identify psychogenic, or nonorganic, manifestations of pain in patients that may have heightened emotional effects on their conditions. In order for these signs to be significantly correlated with disability, three of the five signs should be present.[1]
Technique
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1. Non-anatomical, widespread, referring tenderness in response to light touch.
2. Simulation tests
a. Axial loading of the spine applying light pressure through the head
b. With the patient in standing, passive hip and shoulder rotation
3. Distraction test - test a positive finding on a distracted patient
example: If pain is found in testing hip flexion, observe the patient in tying his shoes
4. Regional disturbances – experiencing sensory or motor disturbances that are lacking in neurologic basis
5. Overreaction during examination (tension, grimacing, verbalization, tremors, etc.)[2]
Evidence[edit | edit source]
Provide the evidence for this technique here
