Vancouver Referencing

Original Editor - Rachael Lowe

Top Contributors - Laura Ritchie, Rachael Lowe, Mariam Hashem, Kim Jackson, Admin, Amanda Ager, Lauren Heydenrych, James Crick and Didzis Rozenbergs

Introduction

Referencing is an essential part of academic writing and editing on Physiopedia. There are many different ways to reference academic work but in Physiopedia we use Vancouver style referencing.

Please Note: There are different versions of Vancouver referencing and this article is a guide for Physiopedia referencing; if you have any doubts about referencing your other academic work should always check with your lecturer, supervisor, course handbook and/or coursework guidelines.

How to Write a Reference

There are three basic bibliographic information that you need to be aware of to write a refernce of a material regardless of its type:

• Author or editor
• Date of publication
• Title of the item

Using the Vancouver style you can reference any source of information such as: journal articles, books, websites, conference papers etc.

If you are referencing an article that is available online, please make sure to add the link AFTER the reference, along with the date accessed (see examples listed below).

This table provides the method for different sources and an example for each:

	Generic Example	Example
Journal Article	Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s) et al. Title of article. Short Form Title of Journal. Year;Volume:Page-range.	Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevsky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:980-3.
Journal Article in a Supplement	Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s) et al. Title of article. Short Form Title of Journal. Year;Volume (Suppl number):Page-range.	Warner JO, Jones CA, Kilburn SA, Vance GHS, Warner JA . Pre-natal sensitization in humans. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2000;11(Suppl 13):6-8.
Journal Article in electronic format	Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s) et al. Title of article. Short Form Title of Journal. Year;Volume:Page-range. http://URLofelectronicarticle (accessed 09 Sep 1999)	Chappuis F, Rijal S, Soto A, Menten J, Boelaert M. A meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of the direct agglutination test and rK39 dipstick for visceral leishmaniasis. BMJ 2006;333:723-6. http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/333/7571/723 (accessed 10 Oct 2006).
Journal article: electronic and print versions differ	Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s) et al. Title of article. Abridged version: Short Form Title of Journal. Year;Volume:Page-range. http://URLofelectronicarticle (accessed 09 Sep 1999)	Juul AB, Wetterslev J, Gluud C, Kofoed-Enevoldsen A, Jensen G, Callesen T, et al. Effect of perioperative β blockade in patients with diabetes undergoing major non-cardiac surgery: randomised placebo controlled, blinded multicentre trial. Abridged version: BMJ 2006;332:1482-5. Full version: http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/332/7556/1482 (accessed 4 Oct 2006).
Journal article with part/issue number required	Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s) et al. Title of article. Short Form Title of Journal. Year;Volume(Issue):Page-range.	Malek MM, Burd RS. The optimal management of malrotation diagnosed after infancy: a decision analysis. Am J Surg 2006;191(1):45-51
Books	Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s). Title of book. Volume (if applicable). City of Publication: Publisher, Year.	Hill C. Practical guidelines for cystic fibrosis care. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1998.
Edited book	Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), editors. Title of book. Edition (if not first). Volume (if applicable). City of Publication: Publisher, Year. p111-12.	Johnson CD, Taylor I, editors. Recent advances in surgery. Vol 23. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2000.
Chapter in a book	Surname Initial(s), Chapter Title. In: Surname, Initial(s) editor. Title of book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year. p111-12	Watkins AD, Neuropharmacology. In: Kay, AB editor. Allergy and allergic diseases. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1997. p505-17.
Electronic publications/websites/web pages	Surname Initial(s) OR Name of Organisation/Department. Title of electronic publication/webpage. Year of publication. Available from: http://URLofelectronicpublication (accessed 09 Sep 1999)	Department of Health. Policies and guidance. www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/fs/en (accessed 2 May 2006).
Conference proceedings	Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), editors. Title of paper. Proceedings of the #th Name of Conference; Year Mon Day(s); City, Country. City of Publisher: Publisher, Year of Publication	Kimura J, Shibasaki H, editors. Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of EMG and Clinical Neurophysiology; 1995 Oct 15-19; Kyoto, Japan. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.
Conference paper	Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s). Title of paper. In: Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), editors. Title of Published Proceedings: Proceedings of the #th Name of Conference; Year Mon Day(s); City, Country. City of Publisher: Publisher, Year of Publication. p1111-2.	Bengtsson S, Solheim BG. Enforcement of data protection, privacy and security in medical informatics. In: Lun KC, Degoulet P, Piemme TE, Rienhoff O, editors. MEDINFO 92. Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Medical Informatics; 1992 Sep 6-10; Geneva, Switzerland. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1992. p1561-5.
Dissertations	Surname Initial(s). Title of dissertation [dissertation]. City of publication: Institution Name. Year of publication.	Bunker VW. Nutrition in the elderly with particular reference to essential trace elements [dissertation]. Southampton: Univ. Southampton. 1987.
Dictionary and Similar References	Title of reference book. Xth ed. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of publication. Title of entry from reference book: p111-12.	Stedman's medical dictionary. 26th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1995. Apraxia; p119-20.
Newspaper article	Surname Initial(s). Title of article. Name of Newspaper Year Mon Day.	Charter D. Patients die after wrong transplant. The Times 2001 Sept 13.
Computer file	Title of computer program [computer program]. Version X. City of Publication (ABBREVIATION State of Publisher): Publisher, Year of publication.	Hemodynamics III: the ups and downs of hemodynamics [computer program]. Version 2.2. Orlando (FL): Computerized Educational Systems, 1993.
Pamphlets and booklets	Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s) OR Name of Organisation. Title of pamphlet. City of Publication: Publisher, Year.	Buck SF, Brown DA. Mortality from lung cancer and bronchitis in relation to smoke and sulphur dioxide concentration, population density and social index. London: Tobacco Research Council, 1964. (Tobacco Research Council research papers 7).
Audiovisual material	Surname Initial(s). Title of audiovisual item [DVD]. Version X. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of publication	Acland RD. Acland's DVD atlas of human anatomy. DVD 3. The trunk [DVD]. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004.
Cochrane Library	Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s) et al. Title of article (Cochrane review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Year;(Edition):CDXXXX	Lord JM, Flight IHK, Norman RJ. Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, d-chiro-inositol) for polycystic ovary syndrome (Cochrane review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;(2):CD003053 Generic Sample
Government publications	Institute,Title [No. of guideline if available], Date of publication • Available from: URL (if available) • [Date of access] .	National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), Tuberculosis: NICE Guideline [NG33]. 2016. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng33/resources/ tuberculosis-1837390683589 [Accessed 27th May 2017].
Act of Parliament		Access to Justice Act 1999. London: The Stationery Office, 1999
Reports	Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s), Title of report. Place of publication: Publisher; Date of publication. Total number of pages. Report No.	Rowe IL, Carson NE. Medical manpower in Victoria. East Bentleigh (AU): Monash University, Department of Community Practice; 1981. 35 p. Report No.: 4.
Organisation as an author	Organization, Title of publication, Date of publication, Publication No.	Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension 2002;40:679-86.
Television/Radio Program		(Horizon, "The world's first face transplant", BBC2, 17 Oct 2006)
Lecture/Presentation	Surname Initial(s), Surname Initial(s). Title of lecture [format]. Place of Publication: Publisher; Date of Publication [Date cited]. Available from: 'website address.	Wagner G. Structural and functional studies of protein interactions in gene expression. [Lecture] Imperial College London. 12th December 2006.

Resources

Imperial College London. Citing & Referencing: Vancouver Style

Vancouver Citing & Referencing style