Template:VUB
Original Editors
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Search Strategy[edit source]
1. SEARCH STRATEGY ARTICLES
Keywords:
• Coccyx fracture ( 55 results and 3 free full texts): Most successful search
• Coccygectomy (85 results and 16 free full texts)
• Coccygeoplasty (1 free full text).
• Coccyx fracture AND physiotherapy (1 result)
Search engines : Pubmed / Web of knowledge
It is also very useful to check the references of each usable article.
2. SEARCH STRATEGY BOOKS
Keywords:
• Traumatology
• Fractures
• Orthopaedics
Search engines: VUBIS catalogus / UA catalogus
Definition/Description[edit source]
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Clinically Relevant Anatomy[edit source]
The coccyx, also known as the tailbone, is a small triangular bone that is usually formed by fusion of the four rudimentary coccygeal vertebrae, although in some people there may be one less or one more. The coccygeal vertebra 1 (Co1) may remain separate from the fused group, but with increasing age Co1 often fuses with the sacrum and the remaining coccygeal vertebrae usually fuse to form a single bone. (level of evidence D)
The forward movement of coccyx is performed actively by the M. levator ani, and the backward movement of coccyx is passively caused by relaxation of these muscles. The coccyx also provides the site of attachment for the M. gluteus maximus as well as the M. levator ani, which is responsible for voluntary control of bladder and bowel. (level of evidence B) The coccyx does not participate with the other vertebrae in support of body weight when standing, however when sitting it may flex anteriorly, indicating that it’s receiving some weight. ( level of evidence D)i
The coccyx is part of the sacrococcygeal joint, an cartilaginous joint with an IV disc. Fibrocartilage and ligaments join the apex of the sacrum to the base of the coccyx. The anterior and posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments are long strands that reinforce the joint. (level of evidence D)
The coccyx is also attached with the margin of the anus by the anococcygeal ligament. (level of evidence D)iii
Epidemiology /Etiology[edit source]
Fracture of the coccyx often arise after a fall on the buttock, most prevalent a fall of the stairs on the tailbone, or by an impact directly applied. (level of evidence D) An especially difficult childbirth occasionally injures the mother’s coccyx. ( level of evidence D)
Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit source]
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Differential Diagnosis[edit source]
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Diagnostic Procedures[edit source]
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Outcome Measures[edit source]
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Examination[edit source]
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Medical Management
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Physical Therapy Management
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Key Research[edit source]
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Resources
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Clinical Bottom Line[edit source]
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit source]
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References[edit source]
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