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*BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders *Journal of Spinal Disorders and Techniques

...The dysfunctional states or disorders discussed in this course may include nutritional, infectious, gastrointestinal, hepatic, endocrine, metabolic, renal, genito ==== Biopsychosocial Disorders ====

...how these modifiable factors relate to health status. Women have distinct nutritional needs based on physiological and hormonal changes at several times during t * Assessing the quality of the total diet appears to be a better approach to nutritional epidemiology, with early measures of diet quality focusing on malnutrition

..., ‘[[Myopathies|myopathy]]', ‘neuromuscular conditions' and ‘neuromuscular disorders' all describe a group of conditions which affect either the muscles, those It is worth noting that neuromuscular disorders can be inherited or caused by a spontaneous gene mutation. There is also a

..., [[Ligament|ligaments]], [[cartilage]], [[bone]], and [[Connective Tissue Disorders|connective tissue.]] Depending upon the degree of mineralization, collage == Collagen-Related Disorders ==

...ning, it rarely impairs social functioning, often associated with comorbid disorders. The things consumed may be harmless, or can even cause death at times. Pic ...s://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36125216/ Worldwide prevalence of DSM-5 eating disorders among young people]. ''Curr Opin Psychiatry''. 2022;35(6):362-371. doi:10.1

** Nutritional deficiencies e.g. folate, [[Vitamin B12 Deficiency|vitamin B12]] or vitamin ** Inherited or acquired disorders that affect haemoglobin synthesis, red blood cell production or red blood c

* People who have [[Eating Disorders|eating disorders]], people with a poor appetite, and people with medical conditions such as ...y]]. [[Vitamin B12 Deficiency|Vitamin B12]] deficiency can cause [[blood]] disorders, affect the nervous system and also cause the intestine to function imprope

...herapeutic Exercise|exercise]], and [[Muscle Injuries|injury]] or [[Muscle Disorders|disease]].<ref name=":0">Frontera WR, Ochala J. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.ni ...[[Diabetes Mellitus Type 2|diabetes]], and other [[Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders|metabolic diseases.]]<ref>Feraco A, Gorini S, Armani A, Camajani E, Rizzo M

* Gastrointestinal disorders * Endocrine and metabolic disorders

Hashimoto thyroiditis is an [[Autoimmune Disorders|autoimmune disorder]]. In this condition the [[Thyroid Gland|thyroid]] cell ...aries worldwide and there can be problems with absorption in patients with disorders of the gastric mucosa.<ref name=":0" />

...https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK584479/ Myositis.] InSelected Immune Disorders and Disability 2022 May 24. National Academies Press (US).Available:https:/ ...g autoimmune myositis is rare and likely associated with connective tissue disorders, cancer, and drugs, for example, statins. Distinguished by acute or subacut

...s that may occur in athletic girls and women eating. The triad consists of disorders/disordered eating behavior, amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea, and decreased bone m == Eating Disorders and Estrogen ==

...ersus 40% for communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional deficiencies, and&nbsp;1% for injuries).<ref name="GBD">Bloom, D.E., Cafier ...nguished from Group I diseases&nbsp;(communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions) and Group III diseases (unintentional and intentional injuries)

...tes]] and [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]; through [[Autoimmune Disorders|autoimmune diseases]]; and through certain [[Medication and Older People|me ...as [[Stress and Health|stress]] and lack of [[Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Disorders|sleep]] can also weaken the immune system<ref>Healthy Women [https://www.he

...r Neurone Disease MND|MND]]) and [[Cardiovascular Disease|cardiovascular]] disorders, as well as [[Ageing Effects on Motor Control|ageing]] and [[Introduction t ...tamine and caffeine), natural products (eg ginseng and rhodiola rosea) and nutritional supplements (eg vitamins and minerals and creatine), have been used clinica

...iac-disease-1 (28.1.2023)</ref> The incidence among people with autoimmune disorders for example type 1 diabetes is higher. The risk is much greater also in peo ...-the-counter supplements may be prescribed in order to meet personal daily nutritional needs. Hematinics may also be prescribed to stimulate red blood cell volume

Vitamin B12 deficiency is one of the most prevalent nutritional deficiencies. It causes a range of symptoms, eg fatigue, forgetfulness, and * Autoimmune: Pernicious [[Anaemia|anemia]] is an [[Autoimmune Disorders|autoimmune condition]] in which [[Immunoglobulins (Ig)|antibodies]] to intr

...ty, and older individuals are particularly susceptible to gastrointestinal disorders.<ref>Soenen S, Rayner CK, Jones KL, Horowitz M. The ageing gastrointestinal * Gastrointestinal problems may lead to an altered [[Nutrition|nutritional]] status, so you will need to be aware of how much energy your treatment is

...i/10.1111/nyas.13330 Nutrition in adolescents: physiology, metabolism, and nutritional needs]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2017 Apr;1393(1):21-33. ...<ref>Alotaibi MF. Physiology of puberty in boys and girls and pathological disorders affecting its onset. Journal of adolescence. 2019 Feb 1;71:63-71.</ref>.

* Manifest as multisystem disorders with predominant involvement of muscles and nerves. ...1">NINDS Mitochondrial myopathies Available from:https://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/patient-caregiver-education/fact-sheets/mitochondrial-myopathy-fact-sheet (

...t cells in the brain. They are star-shaped cells that provide physical and nutritional support for neurons. Functions include: clean up brain "debris"; transport ...[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31392677/ Microglia in neurodegenerative disorders]. Microglia. 2019:57-67. Available:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31392677

...detail/what https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/what-are-neurological-disorders#] (accessed 22 September, 2020).</ref>. These are conditions affecting the == Global Burden of Neurological Disorders ==

...Laud RB. Caregiver stress and outcomes of children with pediatric feeding disorders treated in an intensive interdisciplinary program. J Pediatr Psychol. 2008 == Feeding and Swallowing Disorders ==

...JA, Monani UR, De Vivo DC. Spinal muscular atrophies (2015) Neuromuscular Disorders of Infancy. Childhood, and Adolescence: A Clinician’s Approach.:117-45.</ ...uscle Atrophy. Available from https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/spinal-muscular-atrophy (accessed 4/26/2023).</ref>

...triatal circuits (habitual behaviors). Patients have co-morbid psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder.<ref nam The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) recognises the following criteria for the diagnosis of anorexia ner

...ation of the crystalline compound form of Silica can lead to [[Respiratory Disorders|pulmonary disease.]] As silica deposits in the airways, contact with the [[ * Nutritional counseling

...taxia]]. Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology. 2016 Aug;22(4 Movement Disorders):1208. </ref><ref name=":0">Zhang Q, Zhou X, Li Y, Yang X, Abbasi QH. [http ...s|neuropathy]] (especially [[Diabetic Neuropathy|Diabetic]], Alcoholic and Nutritional), Peripheral neuritis.

..., chemotherapy, metabolic diseases such as nephrotic syndrome, nutritional disorders, and environmental conditions such as ionizing radiation.<ref>Pimenta FM, P ...r an undesirable response in people with [[Autoimmune Disorders|autoimmune disorders]].<ref name=":1" />

....05.2019</ref> An individual’s risk of suicide as well as mood and anxiety disorders might be increased due to a combination of symptoms and neuropsychiatric fa === Nutritional Deficits ===

...o preventive interventions.] InEnvironmental contaminants and neurological disorders 2021 (pp. 69-87). Springer, Cham.Available: https://link.springer.com/chapt ...facilities to detect HM toxicity, and individual factors like [[Nutrition|nutritional]] status, and genetics.

...atic brain injury]], that can affect a person's [[Cognition and Perceptual Disorders|cognitive and perceptual]] functions Rehabilitation can help to: ...es/PMC4157926/pdf/jer-10-4-205.pdf Psychiatric rehabilitation of emotional disorders]. Journal of exercise rehabilitation. 2014 Aug;10(4):205.</ref>

It is also essential to establish what level of [[Disorders of Consciousness|consciousness]] the individual has before commencing asses [[Cognition and Perceptual Disorders|Cognition]] is the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and unde

...body's use of nutrients during athletic competition; the need, if any, for nutritional supplements among athletes; and the role of proper nutrition and dietary su ...dimension of sports nutrition is concerned with [[Eating Disorders|eating disorders]] and other psychiatric conditions related to nutrition among athletes.<ref

...macy|polypharmacotherapy]], social isolation, and [[COVID-19 and Nutrition|nutritional deficits]] often present in the residents of long-term care facilities.<ref ...une system's effectiveness can be influenced by several factors, including nutritional deficits in the elderly. This can lead to severe inflammatory disease affec

...ecessary with a multidisciplinary team approach (this can include medical, nutritional and mental health support)<ref name=":7">Torres-McGehee TM, Emerson DM, Pri ...rgy expenditure. Management may be easier in that athlete education on the nutritional demands of their training load may be sufficient to address the LEA.<ref na

...ine in psychological function, and a dependency on supplements to maintain nutritional health.<ref>Zimmerman, J. and Fisher, M., 2017. [https://www.sciencedirect. ...childhood: a general population study]. ''International journal of eating disorders'', ''48''(6), pp.570-579.</ref> although one found the peak age to be at 6

...evel of function, including transfers/mobility, [[Cognition and Perceptual Disorders|cognition]]  and activities of daily living, and provide therapy to help t * Assess communication and swallowing disorders.<ref name=":3" />

...esults in much better outcomes in comparison to a protein-rich diet. Other nutritional agents that were helpful for some patients but could not yield convincing o <ref name="p9">Quinlivan R, Martinuzzi A, Schoser B. Pharmacological and nutritional treatment for McArdle disease (Glycogen Storage Disease type V). 2017.</ref

Neuropathies refer to a collection of disorders stemming from damage to the peripheral [[Neurone|nerves]], the vast communi ...de separating peripheral neuropathies as [[Axons|axonal]], [[Demyelinating Disorders|demyelinating]], or mixed, which is essential for treatment and management

...ia M. [https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/95/6/1385/4568385?login=false Nutritional support in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and m === [[Neurological Disorders|Neurological Conditions]] ===

* Associated [[Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders|glands]] ...cal significance include diseases of hair loss, excess, alterations due to nutritional deficiencies, infectious causes, and effects of drug reactions<ref>Hoover E

* Nutrition, which can delay healing if inadequate protein and nutritional intake. ...e also associated with pain, [[spasticity]], [[Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Disorders|sleep disturbances]], and [[skin]] breakdown. Most often contractures affec

...l 8]. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/lesch-nyhan-syndrome#</nowiki></ref> Lesch-Nyhan syndrome was first describ ==== Nutritional management ====

...Ataxia.] CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology. 2016 Aug;22(4 Movement Disorders):1208. Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5567218/ ...d tremor of the body or head may occur, especially with cerebellar midline disorders.<ref name=":1">Brunberg JA. [http://www.ajnr.org/content/29/7/1420 Ataxia].

* Stromal Proteins: [[Connective Tissue Disorders|Connective tissue]] is composed of a watery substance into which is dispers ...iods of reduced physical activity educate clients that they should include nutritional support such as targeted protein or amino acid supplementation and integrat

...ian axis.<ref name=":0">Kulshrestha S, Durrani AM. Prevalence of menstrual disorders and their association with physical activity in adolescent girls of aligarh There are many menstrual disorders such as Dysmenorrhoea, Amenorrhea, Hypomenorrhea, Polymenorrhea, Oligomenor

...well-being of the workers corroborated by the rise of many musculoskeletal disorders in the lower back. ...nd facet orientation in degenerative spondylolisthesis]. Journal of spinal disorders. 1999; 12(1):68-73.</ref><ref>Dunlop RB, Adams MA, Hutton WC. [https://doi.

...7.</ref><ref name=":1">Correia, M. I. T. D., & De Almeida, C. T. (2005). ''Nutritional Support for the Critically Ill Patient: A Guide to Practice (2 ed.)'': CRC ...disability and mental health: An epidemiology of psychiatric and substance disorders. ''Rehabilitation Psychology, 51''(3), 214-223.</ref>

...ient's risk of [[Genetic Conditions and Inheritance|chromosomal or genetic disorders]] based on family history, ethnic background, and age; offer [[Cystic Fibro ...other carrier screening as indicated; discuss management of known genetic disorders (e.g., phenylketonuria, thrombophilia) before and during pregnancy