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...th the [[Elbow Varus Stress|varus stress test]], this test can be repeated in varying degrees of elbow extension to test different portions of the MCL.<r == Evidence ==

...nt capsule, or to assess [[Shoulder Instability|glenohumeral instability]] in an anterior direction.<br> ...damentals for the evidence-based clinician. Buckner, Kentucky: Evidence in Motion</ref>.&nbsp; Patient apprehension from this maneuver, not pain, is consider

...nctioning normally it produces observable breathing mechanics of abdominal motion, anterior-superior chest expansion, and lateral rib expansion, commonly ref The Hi-Lo Test is used in the assessment of breathing pattern dysfunction, by the observation of abdo

== Evidence == ...tively elevates the arm in the scapular plane and then slowly reverses the motion.&nbsp; A positive test is defined as the patient experiencing pain during t

...ion of Breathing Pattern: Comparison of a Manual Assessment of Respiratory Motion(MARM) and Respiratory Induction Plethysmography. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeed ...relative to the overall lateral motion. Also, the therapist decides if the motion is predominantly upper rib cage, lower rib cage/abdomen or relatively balan

...f>Lindgren KA, Leino E, Manninen H. Cervical rotation lateral flexion test in brachialgia. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 1992 Aug 1;7 * The test is performed with the patient in a sitting.

...and with prolonged gripping or making a fist. Symptoms are most often seen in the ring and long finger.<ref name="text">Donatelli RA, Wooden MJ editors: ...wo tests, then capsular restriction at the PIP joint is implicated. If the motion increases when the MCP joint is flexed, then lumbricale muscle tightness is

...aspects related to wrist and hand function, residual deformities, range of motion and nerve complications. ...s://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1123382/ Colles' fractures. Functional bracing in supination]. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume. 1975 A

...ject.&nbsp;This project was created by and for the students of Evidence in Motion, and is part of the Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapy Fellowship.&nbsp; ...s use? Provide several case examples that illustrates each of the concepts in SINSS.

...e stage of burn recovery is to preserve and enhance the patient's range of motion. This is crucial for preventing contractures and ensuring optimal function ...ction, and the potential adverse effects of prolonged bed rest on range of motion and overall function (Schneider et al, 2012).

...pinal mechanics. Motion of the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] is assessed in all [[Cardinal Planes and Axes of Movement|planes]] including flexion, exte Table: Average Healthy Ranges of Motion Measured from Anatomic Position: Lumbar spine<ref>Learn muscles Motions of

...fundamentals for the evidence-based clinician. United States; Evidence in motion: 2008.</ref> <ref>Magee DJ. Orthopedic Physical Assessment: 5th Edition. St == Evidence ==

.... The McKenzie side glide test is an assessment of obstruction of movement in the frontal plane and can be provocation test for patients to determine a c ...w.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646960/ McKenzie diagnosis and therapy in the evaluation and management of a lumbar disc derangement syndrome: A case

...Buckner, Kentucky: Evidence in Motion</ref>&nbsp; The test can be repeated in varying degrees of elbow flexion, but generally it is positioned between 5

...damentals for the evidence-based clinician. Buckner, Kentucky: Evidence in Motion</ref>. The therapist abducts the patient's shoulder to 90 degrees.&nbsp; Th == Evidence ==

...tt BC, Farhart PJ. The reliability of musculoskeletal screening tests used in cricket. Phys Ther Sport. 2008 Feb;9(1):25-33.</ref> ...m the wall to the tip of the big toe is recorded. The distance is measured in centimeters (cm) with each centimeter corresponding to approximately 3.6°

...Williams &amp; Wilkins, SPINE vol 37, Number 19, pp E1189-E1196 (level of Evidence: 1B)</ref>. .../pmc/articles/PMC4530222/ The anthropometric measurement of schober’s test in normal taiwanese population.] BioMed research international. 2015;2015.</re

...contact of structures resulting in [[Pain Mechanisms|pain]] or restricted motion is impingement<ref name=":1">Kyle P. Lavery, Kevin J. McHale, William H. Ro ...es, compensating for proximal malalignment, and substituting hand function in individuals with upper extremity [[Amputations|amputation]]/paralysis. <ref

...sh the patella backward against the [[femur]]. An increased patella waving motion or spongy joint feeling suggests the test is positive for joint effusion<re == Evidence ==

...acroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunction. SIJ dysfunction can be a source of pain in the lower back and buttocks.<ref name=":0">Ribeiro RP, Guerrero FG, Camargo ...he PSISs was symmetrical or positive if one side moved more than the other in the cephalic and/or ventral directions . <ref name=":0" />

...s test. The version that provoked arm symptoms the best was with the neck in extension, lateral flexion and axial compression.<ref name="Anekstein et al In some resources there is reference to test A and B, these variations are bot

'''Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) therapy''' uses machines to move a joint passively i.e. without the p ...cs.] J Pediatr Orthop. 1990 Jan-Feb;10(1):120-3. </ref> CPM was introduced in the early post-operative period and was combined with physiotherapy for max

...damentals for the evidence-based clinician. Buckner, Kentucky: Evidence in Motion</ref> == Evidence ==

...motion segment. The C1-C2 motion segment accounts for 50% of the rotation in the cervical spine.<ref name="Hall 2008">Hall TM, Robinson KW, AkasakaK. In ...pecificity to detect the presence or absence of cervical joint dysfunction in neck pain and headache patients.<ref>Sandmark H, Nisell R. Validity of five

...and in a posterolateral direction to assess posterior instability. Normal motion anteriorly is half of the distance of the humeral head, more movement is co == Evidence ==

...educing pain, improving shoulder ROM, and decreasing functional impairment in patients with frozen shoulder. <ref name=":0" /> ...t of Spencer Technique on Pain, Range of Motion, and Functional Disability in Patients With Frozen Shoulder: A Pilot Study]. Cureus. 2024 Jan 30;16(1).</

...damentals for the evidence-based clinician. Buckner, Kentucky: Evidence in Motion</ref><br> == Evidence ==

# Range of Motion (arc of motion of the art. humeroulnaris) ...hen deciding the best post-operative treatment for example: the difference in prognosis between open and closed fractures when operated.

...uction of the uncrossed two-joints muscles of the leg to one-joint muscles in spastic conditions. Acta Chir Scand;1924;56:315-30.</ref>. The Silfverskiö ...(STJ) in neutral, forefoot is supinated and foot is dorsiflexed with knee in full extension. Measurement is taken of the DF range. Then the test is repe

...damentals for the Evidence-based Clinician. Buckner, Kentucky: Evidence in Motion; 2008.</ref>. ...legs over the edge and feet resting on the floor. While the patient rests in this position with the trunk muscles relaxed, the examiner applies posterio

...rder prominence, Coracoid pain and malposition, and DysKinesis of scapular motion)<ref>López-Vidriero E, López-Vidriero R, Rosa LF, et al. Scapular dyskine === Evidence ===

...pists use these as an adjunct to other treatment and management techniques in most situations.[[Image:Tens.jpg|thumb|right|200px|TENS Unit]] *[[Current Concepts in Electrotherapy|Current Concepts in Electrotherapy]]

...odontoid process relative to C1 is torn, C1 will translate forwards on C2 in flexion. ..., Kautiainen H. Active conservative treatment of atlantioaxial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis. British J Rheum 1998;37:417-420.</ref> Cervical spina

...ch on maximal muscle performance: a systematic review.] Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.Jan 2012 : 44(1) :154-164.</ref> It is a slow, controlle ...exercise session or main sport events can lead to decrease in performance in these subsequent events.<ref name=":1">I Shrier . [https://insights.ovid.co

...of exercises that were founded in the 1930s for people with low back pain. In comparison with the McKenzie back exercises that based on lumbar extension, # '''The Single Knee To Chest:''' The single knee to chest motion is done with the patient lying on a table or bed. They are then instructed

...patient in sitting or standing, the upper extremity to be tested is placed in 90° of shoulder flexion and 10-15° of horizontal adduction *The procedure is then repeated in a neutral shoulder and forearm position

...and inter-rater reliability and correlation with the flexion rotation test in normal subjects.] Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy. 2019 Mar 15;27( ...upper thoracic spine in complete flexion to localize rotation to the C1-C2 motion segment. Which can be painful for patients with lower cervical spine pain a

...lenohumoral joint. [[Scapular Dyskinesia|Scapular dyskinesis]] is a change in the normal positioning and movement of the [[scapula]] is linked to glenohu ...and quantifying the level of scapular medial border posterior displacement in overhead athletes.] International journal of sports physical therapy. 2011

...of abduction throughout the range of motion as well as a weak contribution in lateral rotation of the [[humerus]].<ref>Redondo-Alonso L, Chamorro-Moriana {{#ev:youtube| uskZIqThlb0|300}}<ref>Young Lae Moon. Shoulder motion with rotator cuff (supraspinatus). Available from: www.youtube.com/watch?v=

This position results in compression of the medial acromial facet against the distal clavicle to pro == Evidence ==

...stic test is to assess the presence of a full-thickness rotator cuff tear. In particular the ERLS is designed to test the integrity of the supraspinatus ...ys Med Rehabil 2008;89:1162-8.</ref>. The magnitude of the lag is recorded in degrees to the nearest 5°. The contralateral side serves as a control, esp

...ligaments|Test]] evaluates the integrity of the deltoid ligament and aids in determining the degree of instability after a medial [[Ankle Sprain|ankle s ...pist while the other hand holds the lower leg. While maintaining the ankle in a neutral position, the clinician applies an abduction force to the [[calca

...A. Mooar. A rationale for assessing sports activity levels and limitations in knee disorders. ''Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research'' 1989: 246: ...veral modifications to include other components that measure range of knee motion, joint effusion, tibiofemoral and patellofemoral crepitus, knee ligament su

The patient extends elbow as far as possible while either supine or in a standing position. The examiner will assess to whether the patient achiev ...sers' guide to the musculoskeletal examination. United States; Evidence in motion:2008.</ref>

...eir residency training. This project is a component of the capstone course in the EIM residency training. The EIM Residents were given an assignment to each produce two articles in Physiopedia.

...veloped by Robin McKenzie, he proposed in 1981, then published in his book in 2000 that "this method of assessment was equally applicable and effective f ...mechanical assessment is performed of the affected area, including ruling in or out of the spine as a source of the symptoms. Following the assessment,

...itis.’, International Journal of Rheumatic Disease 2011, 145-151 (Level of evidence: 1A)</ref>: *Increase range of motion

Scapular assistance test is used to assess scapular motion which may be linked to shoulder pain.<ref name=":2">Ribeiro LP, Barreto RP, It is a symptom alteration test in which the examiner assists the scapula into upwards rotation and posterior

...t can’t be performed because of pain or limited internal rotation range of motion of the shoulder. <ref name=":0">Dutton M, Magee D, Hengeveld E, Banks K, At ...nd shoulder extension. This unconscious compensatory movement would result in the elbow dropping behind the trunk. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

...rd. <ref name=":0">Cameron MH, Monroe LG. 2008. Physical Rehabilitation: Evidence-Based Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention. Elsevier</ref> ...oint planes and axes. It is also the zero position when measuring range of motion.<ref name=":0" /> Watch the 2 minute video (R) to get a grasp of the topic.