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...bending range involves pelvic, [[hip]], [[Thoracic Spine Fracture|thoracic spine]], dural and shoulder mobility</u>. However pure lumbar flexion active ROM ...lexion and true lumbar flexion measured by a dual inclinometer technique]. Spine. 1994 Dec;19(23):2698-701. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub

...Thoracis|spinalis thoracis]] lying inferiorly in the cervical and thoracic spine. It is not a truly separate muscle, when it exists it consists of occasiona Bilaterally extends the cervical spine and head.

...lateral facet joints transfer loads and guide and constrain motions in the spine due to their geometry and mechanical function<ref>Nicolas V. Jaumard, Willi ...superior facet of the inferior vertebra is rather flat in the cervical and thoracic regions and more convex in the lumbar region. The opposing inferior facet o

...n the superior [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine and the inferior lumbar spine. It consists of 12 vertebrae that are distinct in shape and function from v The bodies of the thoracic vertebrae are medium sized and heart shaped. They are all weight-bearing an

...ight showing [[Low Back Pain Related to Hyperlordosis|hyperlordosis lumber spine]]. This postural change is associated with increased activity of the rectus .... thoracic kyphosis extended to the upper part of the lumbar spine (longer thoracic kyphosis is observed) 3. apparently shorter lumbar lordosis 4. normal or sl

...e lateral branches of the posterior primary divisions (dorsal rami) of the thoracic spinal nerves. ...he lower cervical region and is innervated by the dorsal rami of the upper thoracic and lower cervical spinal nerves.

...f each vertebra. These muscles are vital for allowing free movement of the spine.[[Image:250px-Iliostalis.png|Iliocostalis lumborum bottom R, iliocostalis d ...nts Iliocostalis Lumborum Available: https://www.rehabmypatient.com/lumbar-spine/iliocostalis-lumborum (accessed 1.12.2021)</ref>

[[File:Sagittal section of the cervical spine Primal.png|right|frameless|400x400px]] ...sixth [[ribs]].<ref name=":1">Cramer GD, Darby SA. Clinical anatomy of the spine, spinal cord, and ANS-e-book.</ref>

...m/Low_Back_Pain Low Back Pain] through interventions aimed at the thoracic spine and the hip joints.&nbsp; Interventions directed at the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Thoracic Thoracic Spine] and the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Hip Hip Joints] have been found to be

...ation mobility is an important part in examination in people with cervical spine disorders and it is especially useful for the diagnosis of [[Cervicogenic H ...1-C2 motion segment. Which can be painful for patients with lower cervical spine pain and dysfunction.<ref name=":0" />

...ure (FHP), defined as the forward displacement of the head on the cervical spine, has been commonly associated with neck pain.<ref>Ghamkhar L, Kahlaee AH. [ * Stiff upper thoracic spine or rounded upper spine causing cervical spine to hyperextend to see ahead.

...t to Wall Distance is a routine clinical test for [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|thoracic kyphosis]] and [[Cervical Examination|cervical]] mobility. It is also known The OWD may be abnormal in kyphosis (forward curvature of the upper thoracic spine) due<ref name=":1" />

Adson's test is a provocative test for [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome]] accompanied by compression of the subclavian artery by a ...Ak&scisig=AAGBfm3Xykmd5qxt1OlNHZ--9PcI-YSzTA Provocative tests in cervical spine examination: historical basis and scientific analyses]". Pain Physician 6 (

...The C1-C2 motion segment accounts for 50% of the rotation in the cervical spine.<ref name="Hall 2008">Hall TM, Robinson KW, AkasakaK. Intertester Reliabili In this test procedure, the cervical spine is fully flexed, in an attempt to isolate movement to C1-C2, which has an u

...f> The ribs form the main structure of the thoracic cage that protects the thoracic organs. There are 12 pairs of ribs which are separated by intercostal spac * The only rib that articulates with one thoracic vertebra only (T1).<ref name=":2" />

...portion arises from&nbsp;the front of the bodies of the first two or three thoracic vertebræ Vertical portion arises from&nbsp;the front of the bodies of the upper three thoracic and lower three cervical vertebræ

...hold in common the analysis of movement in the body and its effect on the spine.&nbsp;<ref>Functional Soft Tissue Examination and Treatment by Manual Metho *Correction of postural discrepancies, which is a critical factor as the spine is the principle support for the organic systems, the limbs, muscles, and s

...[[trapezius]] to form parallel bands that pass inferolaterally from the [[Thoracic Vertebrae|vertebrae]] to the medial border of the [[scapula]].&nbsp;Rhomboi ...1 vertebra. It inserts at the scapula's medial border near the base of the spine of the scapula.

...lude:<ref name=":0">Bell-Jenje T. Assessment and Treatment of the Thoracic Spine Course. Plus , 2021.</ref> ...ning and Pathologies of the Thoracic Spine|masquerade]] as musculoskeletal thoracic pain

...t is anterior [[Pelvic Tilt|pelvic tilt]]. This alters the position of the spine resulting in a [[Low Back Pain Related to Hyperlordosis|hyperlordosis]], wh ...s Back|Cyclists]] may develop a [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|kyphotic thoracic spine]].