Role of Physiotherapists in Global Health: Difference between revisions

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== Introduction  ==
== Introduction  ==


== How Do Physiotherapists Fit Into Global Health Initiatives? ==
According to the WHO 2011 World Report on Disability, around 15 percent of the global population has some form of disability (i.e. more than 1 billion people). Prevalence of disability is higher in resource-poor countries compared to high-income countries. The global estimate for disability is increasing due to ageing populations, the spread of chronic diseases and improvements in the methodologies used to calculate disability. <ref>World Health Organisation. World report on disability: Malta; 2011. 325p.</ref>
 
There are many ways that physiotherapists can participate in global health work beyond direct patient care, including advocating for and developing rehabilitation programmes (Alappat et al., 2007), as well as continuing to be more involved in the international trend to implement Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) as a strategy for sustainable and effective development of the health and social sectors.  


[[Image:GHD photo nepalability4 (1).jpeg|right|300px]]
The question of what skills, knowledge and qualities must physiotherapists possess in order to do ethical and effective global health work remains.  


According to Mickan et al (2010), “there is a clear requirement for collaboration among health workers from different professional backgrounds as no one person is able to deliver care to meet the complete needs of the patient.”&nbsp;<ref name="Mickan 2010">Mickan S, Hoffman SJ, Nasmith L; World Health Organizations Study Group on Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Practice. Collaborative practice in a global health context: Common themes from developed and developing countries. J of Interprofessional Care. 2010 24(5): 492-502.</ref> Collaborative Practice is noted to “[occur] when multiple health workers provide comprehensive services by working together synergistically along with their patients, their families, carers and communities to deliver the highest quality of care across settings.”&nbsp;<ref name="Mickan 2010" /> <br>
== How Do Physiotherapists Fit Into Global Health?  ==


Physiotherapists are key members of collaborative inter-professional teams due to their broad scope of practice. As is typical with varying locales, the specific role of a physiotherapist varies according to the needs of the specific population in question. At the First Physical Therapy Summit on Global Health in 2007, the overarching roles of the physiotherapist as an “Agent of Change” and “Health Advocate” were discussed.&nbsp;<ref name="Summit">The First Physical Therapy Summit on Global Health: Implications and Recommendations for the 21st centuryfckLRPhysiotherapy Theory and Practice: An International Journal of Physiotherapy. 2011; 27(8).</ref> Some of these roles include:
[[Image:GHD photo nepalability4 (1).jpeg|right|300px]]


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According to Mickan et al (2010), “there is a clear requirement for collaboration among health workers from different professional backgrounds as no one person is able to deliver care to meet the complete needs of the patient.”&nbsp;<ref name="Mickan 2010">Mickan S, Hoffman SJ, Nasmith L; World Health Organizations Study Group on Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Practice. Collaborative practice in a global health context: Common themes from developed and developing countries. J of Interprofessional Care. 2010 24(5): 492-502.</ref> Collaborative Practice is noted to “[occur] when multiple health workers provide comprehensive services by working together synergistically along with their patients, their families, carers and communities to deliver the highest quality of care across settings.”&nbsp;<ref name="Mickan 2010" /> 
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| '''1.&nbsp;'''
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Members of inter-disciplinary health teams for the provision of direct service&nbsp;<ref name="Summit" />&nbsp;<ref name="Alappat">Alappat C, Siu G, Penfold A, McGovern B, McFarland J, Raman S, Landry MD. Role of Canadian Physical Therapists in Global Health Initiatives: SWOT Analysis. fckLRPhysiotherapy Canada. 2007; 59(4): 272-285.</ref>&nbsp;  


Physiotherapists are key members of collaborative inter-professional teams due to their broad scope of practice. As is typical with varying locales, the specific role of a physiotherapist varies according to the needs of the specific population in question. At the First Physical Therapy Summit on Global Health in 2007, the overarching roles of the physiotherapist as an “Agent of Change” and “Health Advocate” were discussed.&nbsp;<ref name="Summit">The First Physical Therapy Summit on Global Health: Implications and Recommendations for the 21st centuryfckLRPhysiotherapy Theory and Practice: An International Journal of Physiotherapy. 2011; 27(8).</ref> Some of these roles include:
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'''Educators and Mentors related to'''&nbsp;<ref name="Summit" />&nbsp;<ref name="Alappat" />:
'''Members of Inter-disciplinary Health Teams'''&nbsp;
 
*For the provision of direct service&nbsp;<ref name="Summit" />&nbsp;<ref name="Alappat">Alappat C, Siu G, Penfold A, McGovern B, McFarland J, Raman S, Landry MD. Role of Canadian Physical Therapists in Global Health Initiatives: SWOT Analysis.  fckLRPhysiotherapy Canada. 2007; 59(4): 272-285.</ref>&nbsp;


*Prevention and management of non-communicable diseases and lifestyle-related conditions (e.g. obesity, diabetes, heart disease). This was a notable priority for all geographic regions represented at the 2007 Summit.&nbsp;<ref name="Summit" />  
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| valign="top" | '''Educators and Mentors related to'''&nbsp;<ref name="Summit" />&nbsp;<ref name="Alappat" />:&nbsp;<br>
*Prevention and management of non-communicable diseases and lifestyle-related conditions (e.g. obesity, diabetes, heart disease). This was a notable priority for all geographic regions represented at the 2007 Summit<ref name="Summit" /> and has been re-iterated in more recent research<ref>Naidoo N, Barnes R Mlenzana N, Mostert K, Amosun D. Physiotherapy in rehabilitation and prohabilitation across the lifespan. South African Medical Journal. 2019;109:142-4. </ref>  
*Prevention of incidents such as workplace injuries&nbsp;  
*Prevention of incidents such as workplace injuries&nbsp;  
*Increasing physical activity levels&nbsp;  
*Increasing physical activity levels - a recent study of Australian adults found that patients expect their physiotherapist to provide physical activity advice,<ref>Kunstler B, Fuller R, Pervan S, Merolli M. Australian adults expect physiotherapists to provide physical activity advice: a survey. Journal of Physiotherapy. 2019;65(4):230-6.</ref> but conversely, another study found that Australian physiotherapists have poor knowledge of the Australian Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour guidelines and only infrequently promote physical activity with their patients<ref>Freene N, Cools S, Bissett B. Are we missing opportunities? Physiotherapy and physical activity promotion: a cross-sectional survey. ''BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil''. 2017;9:19. </ref>&nbsp;  
*Infection control&nbsp;  
*Infection control&nbsp;  
*Maternal and child health
*Maternal and child health


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'''Advocates'''  
'''Advocates'''  


*To establish and/or develop education and healthcare programs that maximize local resources to ensure sustainability&nbsp;<ref name="Alappat" />
*To establish and/or develop education and healthcare programs that maximize local resources to ensure sustainability.<ref name="Alappat" /> Some recent studies have explored physiotherapists' perception of their ability to engage in health promotion / education, and find variable levels of engagement.<ref>Shore H, Hebron C. Musculoskeletal physiotherapists' perceptions of health promotion. Musculoskeletal Science & Practice. 2020;50:102260.</ref><ref name=":0">Abaraogu UO, Onah U, Abaraogu OD, Fawole HO, Kalu ME, Seenan CA. Knowledge, Attitudes, and the Practice of Health Promotion among Physiotherapists in Nigeria. ''Physiother Can''. 2019;71(1):92-100.</ref> For example, a recent study of Nigerian physiotherapists has found that while the majority of the physiotherapists had good knowledge, and often used health promotion in their practice, most respondents felt that their entry-level physiotherapy education did not adequately prepare them for health promotion practice.<ref name=":0" />


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'''Screeners'''  
'''Screeners'''  


*Lifestyle Conditions
*Lifestyle Conditions  
*HIV/AIDs
*HIV/AIDs  
*Mental Health Conditions
*Mental Health Conditions  
*For Physical and/or Sexual Abuse&nbsp;<ref name="Summit" />&nbsp;<br>
*For Physical and/or Sexual Abuse&nbsp;<ref name="Summit" />&nbsp;<br>


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'''Referees'''&nbsp;
'''Referees'''&nbsp;  


*Identify conditions that require referral to other health practitioners&nbsp;<ref name="Summit" />
*Identify conditions that require referral to other health practitioners&nbsp;<ref name="Summit" />


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'''Consultants'''  
'''Consultants'''  
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Leaders and Active Participants in health policy decision-making&nbsp;<ref name="Summit" />&nbsp;  
'''Leaders and Active Participants'''
 
*In Health Policy Decision-Making&nbsp;<ref name="Summit" />&nbsp;


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<br> {{#ev:youtube|DrQu9AQXfKg|400}} <ref>Global Health Division. Developing sustainable programs in rural India: vlog with Andrea Mendoza. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DrQu9AQXfKg [last accessed 15/05/16]</ref>
== Resources ==


== Sub Heading 2<br>  ==
* [[Overview of Global Health]]


== Recent Related Research (from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ Pubmed]) ==
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== References  ==
== References  ==


References will automatically be added here, see [[Adding References|adding references tutorial]].
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[[Category:Global Health]]

Latest revision as of 18:17, 31 July 2023

Original Editor - Laura Ritchie with tremendous gratitude to members of the Global Health Division of the Canadian Physiotherapy Association for assistance with content for this article.

Top Contributors - Naomi O'Reilly, Gayatri Jadav Upadhyay, Robin Tacchetti, Kim Jackson, Tony Lowe, Jess Bell, Tarina van der Stockt, WikiSysop and Rucha Gadgil  

Introduction[edit | edit source]

According to the WHO 2011 World Report on Disability, around 15 percent of the global population has some form of disability (i.e. more than 1 billion people). Prevalence of disability is higher in resource-poor countries compared to high-income countries. The global estimate for disability is increasing due to ageing populations, the spread of chronic diseases and improvements in the methodologies used to calculate disability. [1]

There are many ways that physiotherapists can participate in global health work beyond direct patient care, including advocating for and developing rehabilitation programmes (Alappat et al., 2007), as well as continuing to be more involved in the international trend to implement Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) as a strategy for sustainable and effective development of the health and social sectors.

The question of what skills, knowledge and qualities must physiotherapists possess in order to do ethical and effective global health work remains.

How Do Physiotherapists Fit Into Global Health?[edit | edit source]

GHD photo nepalability4 (1).jpeg

According to Mickan et al (2010), “there is a clear requirement for collaboration among health workers from different professional backgrounds as no one person is able to deliver care to meet the complete needs of the patient.” [2] Collaborative Practice is noted to “[occur] when multiple health workers provide comprehensive services by working together synergistically along with their patients, their families, carers and communities to deliver the highest quality of care across settings.” [2]

Physiotherapists are key members of collaborative inter-professional teams due to their broad scope of practice. As is typical with varying locales, the specific role of a physiotherapist varies according to the needs of the specific population in question. At the First Physical Therapy Summit on Global Health in 2007, the overarching roles of the physiotherapist as an “Agent of Change” and “Health Advocate” were discussed. [3] Some of these roles include:


Members of Inter-disciplinary Health Teams 

  • For the provision of direct service [3] [4] 

 Educators and Mentors related to [3] [4]: 
  • Prevention and management of non-communicable diseases and lifestyle-related conditions (e.g. obesity, diabetes, heart disease). This was a notable priority for all geographic regions represented at the 2007 Summit[3] and has been re-iterated in more recent research[5]
  • Prevention of incidents such as workplace injuries 
  • Increasing physical activity levels - a recent study of Australian adults found that patients expect their physiotherapist to provide physical activity advice,[6] but conversely, another study found that Australian physiotherapists have poor knowledge of the Australian Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour guidelines and only infrequently promote physical activity with their patients[7] 
  • Infection control 
  • Maternal and child health

Advocates

  • To establish and/or develop education and healthcare programs that maximize local resources to ensure sustainability.[4] Some recent studies have explored physiotherapists' perception of their ability to engage in health promotion / education, and find variable levels of engagement.[8][9] For example, a recent study of Nigerian physiotherapists has found that while the majority of the physiotherapists had good knowledge, and often used health promotion in their practice, most respondents felt that their entry-level physiotherapy education did not adequately prepare them for health promotion practice.[9]

Screeners

  • Lifestyle Conditions
  • HIV/AIDs
  • Mental Health Conditions
  • For Physical and/or Sexual Abuse [3] 

Referees 

  • Identify conditions that require referral to other health practitioners [3]

Consultants

  • To Urban Planners
  • Government [3] 

Leaders and Active Participants

  • In Health Policy Decision-Making [3] 

Resources[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ World Health Organisation. World report on disability: Malta; 2011. 325p.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mickan S, Hoffman SJ, Nasmith L; World Health Organizations Study Group on Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Practice. Collaborative practice in a global health context: Common themes from developed and developing countries. J of Interprofessional Care. 2010 24(5): 492-502.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 The First Physical Therapy Summit on Global Health: Implications and Recommendations for the 21st centuryfckLRPhysiotherapy Theory and Practice: An International Journal of Physiotherapy. 2011; 27(8).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Alappat C, Siu G, Penfold A, McGovern B, McFarland J, Raman S, Landry MD. Role of Canadian Physical Therapists in Global Health Initiatives: SWOT Analysis. fckLRPhysiotherapy Canada. 2007; 59(4): 272-285.
  5. ↑ Naidoo N, Barnes R Mlenzana N, Mostert K, Amosun D. Physiotherapy in rehabilitation and prohabilitation across the lifespan. South African Medical Journal. 2019;109:142-4.
  6. ↑ Kunstler B, Fuller R, Pervan S, Merolli M. Australian adults expect physiotherapists to provide physical activity advice: a survey. Journal of Physiotherapy. 2019;65(4):230-6.
  7. ↑ Freene N, Cools S, Bissett B. Are we missing opportunities? Physiotherapy and physical activity promotion: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2017;9:19.
  8. ↑ Shore H, Hebron C. Musculoskeletal physiotherapists' perceptions of health promotion. Musculoskeletal Science & Practice. 2020;50:102260.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Abaraogu UO, Onah U, Abaraogu OD, Fawole HO, Kalu ME, Seenan CA. Knowledge, Attitudes, and the Practice of Health Promotion among Physiotherapists in Nigeria. Physiother Can. 2019;71(1):92-100.


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