Pre-participation Screening
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Purpose[edit | edit source]
Approximately 46.5 million children and 7.7 million high-school students in the United States participate in organized sports each year [1]. As the number of individuals participating in sports continues to increase, so does the number of sport-related injuries. In 2012, over 1.35 million children received emergency care for sports-related injuries [2], and 39 young athletes suffered from sports-related death [1]. The purpose of pre-participation screening in sports is to decrease the number of sport-related injuries and death by identifying individual abnormalities that may predispose an athlete to injury [3].
Traditionally, pre-participation screenings consisted of a medical examination and a subjective history to identify potential risk factors for further injury such as cardiovascular conditions, asthma, diabetes, etc. [4]. The American Heart Association (AHA) provides an outline of appropriate examination components and subjective history questions. Protocols such as the one provided by the AHA ensure consistent and uniform assessments [5]; however, many professionals argue these protocols are not individualized enough to thoroughly analyze injury risk [4] [3]. In more recent years, professions suggest functional movement assessments be incorporated into pre-participation screens to identify any abnormalities in movement patterns that may predispose to musculoskeletal injuries [3]. In addition, incorporation of neurocognitive and balance assessments, such as the Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) and Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), into the pre-participation screening protocol provide a baseline measurement that can be compared to post-injury scores to identify the severity of an injury [6].
Timing, Setting, and the Medical Team[edit | edit source]
Subjective History[edit | edit source]
Physical Examination[edit | edit source]
Cardiac Screening[edit | edit source]
Economic Considerations[edit | edit source]
Clearance for Sports[edit | edit source]
Medicolegal Considerations[edit | edit source]
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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- ↑ 1.0 1.1 National Athletics Trainers Association. Youth Sport Safety Summit, 2014. http://www.youthsportssafetyalliance.org/sites/default/files/Statistics.pdf.
- ↑ Ferguson RW. Safe Kids Worldwide Analysis of Consumer Product Safety Commsiion (CPSC) National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) data, 2013.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cook G, Burton L, Hoogenboom B. Pre-participation screening: the use of fundamental movement as an assessment of function – part 1. N Am J Sport Phys Ther 2006;1(2):62-72.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Casa DJ, Guskiewicz K M, Anderson SA, Courson RW, Heck JF, Jimenez CC, McDermott BP, Miller MG, Stearns RL, Swartz EE, Walsh KM. National Athletic Trainers’ Association position statement: preventing sudden death in sports. J Athl Train 2012;41(1):96-118.
- ↑ Mahmood S, Lim L, Akram Y, Alford-Morales S, Sherin K, Prevention Practice Committee. Screening for sudden cardiac death before participation in high school and collegiate sports: American College of Preventative Medicine position statement on preventative practice. Am J Prev Med 2013;45(1):130-133.
- ↑ Kerr ZY, Snook EM, Lynall R, Dompier TP, Sales L, Parsons JT, Hainline B. (2015). Concussion-related protocols and preparticipation assessments used for incoming student-athletes in National Collegiate Athletic Association member institutions. J Athl Train 2015;50(11):000-000.
