Posture: Difference between revisions
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== Recent Related Research (from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ Pubmed]) == | |||
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== References == | |||
References will automatically be added here, see [[Adding References|adding references tutorial]]. | |||
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== Ideal posture == | |||
On examination the body should be viewed from four aspects; [[Anterior|anteriorly]], [[Posterior|posteriorly]], right and left. The ideal "normal" erect posture is one in which the line of gravity (the vertical line drawn through the body's [[Centre of gravity]]) when viewed from each side runs: | |||
*Through the mastoid process. | |||
*Just anteriorly the shoulder joint. | |||
*Through (or just posteriorly) the hip joint. | |||
*Just anterior to the centre of the knee joint. | |||
*Approximately 5 centimetres anteriorly to the ankle joint. | |||
When viewed from either the front or the back, the vertical line passing through the body's centre of gravity should theoretically bisect the body into two equal halves, with the body weight distributed evenly between the two feet. | |||
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== | == Muscle action in posture == | ||
The balanced posture of the body reduces the work done by the muscles in maintaining it in an erect posture. It has been determined (using electromyography) that, in general: | |||
*The intrinsic muscles of the feet are quiescent, because of the support provided by the ligaments. | |||
*[[Soleus]] is constantly active because gravity tends to pull the body forward over the feet. [[Gastrocnemius]] and the deep posterior tibial muscles are less frequently active. | |||
*[[Tibialis anterior]] is quiescent (unless high heels are being worn). | |||
*[[Quadriceps]] and the [[Hamstrings]] are generally quiescent. | |||
*[[Iliopsoas]] is constantly active. | |||
*[[Gluteus maximus]] is quiescent. | |||
*[[Gluteus medius]] and tensor fascia latae are active to counteract lateral postural sway. | |||
*[[Erector spinae]] is active, counteracting gravity's pull forwards. | |||
*The abdominal muscles remain quiescent, although the lower fibres of the [[Internal obliques]] are active in order to protect the inguinal canal. | |||
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== Examples of different postures == | |||
=== | === Sway back posture === | ||
=== Upper (shoulder) crossed syndrome === | |||
=== | === Lower (pelvic) crossed syndrome === | ||
=== Kyphosis-lordosis posture === | |||
=== Layer syndrome === | === Layer syndrome === | ||
=== Flat back posture === | |||
=== | === Sway back posture === | ||
=== Handedness posture === | |||
== | == References == | ||
*Penny, N. & Moore, A. (1998). Neuromusculoskeletal examination and assessment. Churchill livinstone. ISBN: 0443059802. | |||
[[Category:Open_Physio]][[Category:Articles]] | |||
Revision as of 22:31, 30 May 2011
Original Editor - Your name will be added here if you created the original content for this page.
Lead Editors - Your name will be added here if you are a lead editor on this page. Read more.
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
Extension:RSS -- Error: Not a valid URL: Feed goes here!!|charset=UTF-8|short|max=10
References[edit | edit source]
References will automatically be added here, see adding references tutorial.
Ideal posture[edit | edit source]
On examination the body should be viewed from four aspects; anteriorly, posteriorly, right and left. The ideal "normal" erect posture is one in which the line of gravity (the vertical line drawn through the body's Centre of gravity) when viewed from each side runs:
- Through the mastoid process.
- Just anteriorly the shoulder joint.
- Through (or just posteriorly) the hip joint.
- Just anterior to the centre of the knee joint.
- Approximately 5 centimetres anteriorly to the ankle joint.
When viewed from either the front or the back, the vertical line passing through the body's centre of gravity should theoretically bisect the body into two equal halves, with the body weight distributed evenly between the two feet.
Muscle action in posture[edit | edit source]
The balanced posture of the body reduces the work done by the muscles in maintaining it in an erect posture. It has been determined (using electromyography) that, in general:
- The intrinsic muscles of the feet are quiescent, because of the support provided by the ligaments.
- Soleus is constantly active because gravity tends to pull the body forward over the feet. Gastrocnemius and the deep posterior tibial muscles are less frequently active.
- Tibialis anterior is quiescent (unless high heels are being worn).
- Quadriceps and the Hamstrings are generally quiescent.
- Iliopsoas is constantly active.
- Gluteus maximus is quiescent.
- Gluteus medius and tensor fascia latae are active to counteract lateral postural sway.
- Erector spinae is active, counteracting gravity's pull forwards.
- The abdominal muscles remain quiescent, although the lower fibres of the Internal obliques are active in order to protect the inguinal canal.
Examples of different postures[edit | edit source]
Sway back posture[edit | edit source]
Upper (shoulder) crossed syndrome[edit | edit source]
Lower (pelvic) crossed syndrome[edit | edit source]
Kyphosis-lordosis posture[edit | edit source]
Layer syndrome[edit | edit source]
Flat back posture[edit | edit source]
Sway back posture[edit | edit source]
Handedness posture[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- Penny, N. & Moore, A. (1998). Neuromusculoskeletal examination and assessment. Churchill livinstone. ISBN: 0443059802.
