Parkinson's Lifestyle Medicine - Art-based or Expressive Therapies and Self Management Strategies: Difference between revisions

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The focus of this module will be on discussing how art-based therapies and self-management strategies for persons with Parkinson's can address anxiety, mood, and stress, and improve physical, cognitive, emotional and social function.
The focus of this module will be on discussing how art-based therapies and self-management strategies for persons with Parkinson's can address anxiety, mood, and stress, and improve physical, cognitive, emotional and social function.
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== Art-based/Expressive Therapies ==
 
What are art-based and expressive therapies and how can they be useful for persons with Parkinson's Disease? Art therapy, according to the American Art Therapy Association, is the use of art and the creative process to "explore... feelings, reconcile emotional conflicts, foster self-awareness, manage behavior and addictions, develop social skills, improve reality orientation, reduce anxiety, and increase self-esteem" in order to improve function and well-being.
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Revision as of 00:12, 31 December 2021

Original Editor - Thomas Longbottom based on the course by Z Altug

Top Contributors - Thomas Longbottom, Kim Jackson, Carin Hunter, Robin Tacchetti, Jess Bell, Tarina van der Stockt, Lucinda hampton and Ewa Jaraczewska  

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Approximately 10 million people around the world are currently living with Parkinson’s Disease.[1] Meta-analysis of worldwide data reveals that the prevalence of Parkinson’s Disease increases with age, quadrupling from a level of almost 0.5%  in the seventh decade of life to approximately 2% for those over the age of 80.[2] Other sources report that Parkinson's affects 1.5-2% of the population over the age of 60.[3] Parkinson’s is associated with the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain, and it is typified clinically by resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia along with a number of non-motor features such as anosmia, sleep behaviour disorder, depression, autonomic dysfunction, and cognitive dysfunction.[4] The aetiology of this disease is not fully understood, but there is some combination of environmental and genetic factors presumed to be causative.[4] Among these are various lifestyle factors such as tobacco use, dietary intake, and physical activity.[5][6]

Components of Parkinson's Lifestyle Wellness: Stress Management, Conventional Exercise, Mind-Body Exercise, Nutrition, Sleep Hygiene, Avoidance of Risky Substances, Self-Care Strategies, Expressive Therapies, Nature-Based Activities, and Social Connections
Components of Parkinson's Lifestyle Wellness[7]

According to the Lifestyle Medicine Handbook, Lifestyle Medicine involves the use of evidence-based lifestyle therapeutic approaches to treat, reverse, and prevent lifestyle-related chronic disease.[8] These include:

  1. A predominantly whole food, plant-based diet
  2. Regular physical activity
  3. Adequate sleep
  4. Stress management
  5. Social connections
  6. Avoidance of risky substance abuse[8]


The aim of Lifestyle Medicine is to treat the underlying causes of disease rather than just addressing the symptoms. This involves helping patients learn and adopt healthy behaviours. Lifestyle interventions have the potential to impact the prognosis of many chronic diseases, leading not only to better quality of life for many but also potentially reducing their costs to the healthcare system.[9] While a tendency to think of Lifestyle Medicine as being the domain of the physician is understandable, other providers such as dietitians, social workers, behavioural therapists and lifestyle coaches are also integral.[9] It is also well within the scope of the physiotherapist, with diet and nutrition being key elements in many of the conditions managed by physiotherapists, with physiotherapists poised as experts in exercise and movement, and with prevention, health promotion, fitness and wellness being crucial aspects of physiotherapy care.[10]

The focus of this module will be on discussing how art-based therapies and self-management strategies for persons with Parkinson's can address anxiety, mood, and stress, and improve physical, cognitive, emotional and social function.

Art-based/Expressive Therapies[edit | edit source]

What are art-based and expressive therapies and how can they be useful for persons with Parkinson's Disease? Art therapy, according to the American Art Therapy Association, is the use of art and the creative process to "explore... feelings, reconcile emotional conflicts, foster self-awareness, manage behavior and addictions, develop social skills, improve reality orientation, reduce anxiety, and increase self-esteem" in order to improve function and well-being.

Sub Heading 3[edit | edit source]

Resources[edit | edit source]

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  1. numbered list
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References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Statistics [Internet]. Parkinson's Foundation. [cited 2021Dec28]. Available from: https://www.parkinson.org/Understanding-Parkinsons/Statistics
  2. ↑ Pringsheim T, Jette N, Frolkis A, Steeves TDL. The prevalence of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Movement Disorders 2014;29(13):1583–90.
  3. ↑ Venes D, Taber CW. Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis; 2021.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Simon DK, Tanner CM, Brundin P. Parkinson Disease Epidemiology, Pathology, Genetics, and Pathophysiology. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 2020;36(1):1–2.
  5. ↑ Ritz B, Ascherio A, Checkoway H, Marder KS, Nelson LM, Rocca WA, et al.. Pooled Analysis of Tobacco Use and Risk of Parkinson Disease. Archives of Neurology [Internet] 2007;64(7):990.
  6. ↑ Paul KC, Chuang Y, Shih I, Keener A, Bordelon Y, Bronstein JM, et al.. The association between lifestyle factors and Parkinson's disease progression and mortality. Movement Disorders 2019;34(1):58–66.
  7. ↑ Z Altug. Parkinson's Lifestyle Medicine - Nutrition and Sleep Hygiene. Physioplus Course. 2021.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Frates B, Bonnet JP, Joseph R, Peterson JA. Lifestyle Medicine Handbook: An introduction to the power of Healthy Habits. Monterey, CA: Healthy Learning; 2021.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 1. Bodai B. Lifestyle Medicine: A Brief Review of Its Dramatic Impact on Health and Survival. The Permanente Journal 2017;22(1).
  10. ↑ Worman R. Lifestyle medicine: The role of the physical therapist. The Permanente Journal. 2020;24:18.192.
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