Paediatric Limb Deficiency: Difference between revisions

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Congenital limb deficiencies can involve upper or lower limb, at birth due to several factors although the exact cause is unknown.Approximately 58% congenital limb deficiencies involving upper limb. Longitudinal deficiency <ref name="abdel">Abdel-Mota’al M., 201-. Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency. Available at:&lt; http://gait.aidi.udel.edu/educate/pffd.htm&gt; [Accessed 3 February 2015]</ref>&nbsp;of hand and transverse below elbow limb deficiency are the most common presentation with 20% of children present with limb deficiencies affecting more than one limb. On the other hand,'''proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD)&nbsp;<ref name="lee">Lee M.C., 2014. Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency. Medscape. [website] Available at:&lt; http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1248323-overview#a0101&gt; [Accessed 3 February 2015]</ref>''' is a term for complex lower extremity congenital limb deficiency. It may be unilateral or bilateral, which includes the absence of proximal femur involving the acetabulum, femoral head, patella, tibia and fibula. Both Aitken <ref name="aitken">Aitken, G.T.: Congenital short femur with fibular hemimelia. JBJS: 56 -A: 1306, 1974</ref>&nbsp;and Gillespie have developed a classification <ref name="skalski">Skalski M., et al., 201-. Classification of Proximal Focal Femoral Deficiency. Radiopeadia.org [website] Available at:&lt; http://radiopaedia.org/articles/classification-of-proximal-focal-femoral-deficiency&gt; [Accessed 3 February 2015]</ref>&nbsp;for PFFD based on severity and complexity of medical intervention respectively. Another 40% of childhood amputation is acquired amputations involving trauma and disease-related.
Congenital limb deficiencies can involve upper or lower limb, at birth due to several factors although the exact cause is unknown.Approximately 58% congenital limb deficiencies involving upper limb. Longitudinal deficiency <ref name="abdel">Abdel-Mota’al M., 201-. Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency. Available at:&lt; http://gait.aidi.udel.edu/educate/pffd.htm&gt; [Accessed 3 February 2015]</ref>&nbsp;of hand and transverse below elbow limb deficiency are the most common presentation with 20% of children present with limb deficiencies affecting more than one limb. On the other hand,'''proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD)&nbsp;<ref name="lee">Lee M.C., 2014. Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency. Medscape. [website] Available at:&lt; http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1248323-overview#a0101&gt; [Accessed 3 February 2015]</ref>''' is a term for complex lower extremity congenital limb deficiency. It may be unilateral or bilateral, which includes the absence of proximal femur involving the acetabulum, femoral head, patella, tibia and fibula. Both Aitken <ref name="aitken">Aitken, G.T.: Congenital short femur with fibular hemimelia. JBJS: 56 -A: 1306, 1974</ref>&nbsp;and Gillespie have developed a classification <ref name="skalski">Skalski M., et al., 201-. Classification of Proximal Focal Femoral Deficiency. Radiopeadia.org [website] Available at:&lt; http://radiopaedia.org/articles/classification-of-proximal-focal-femoral-deficiency&gt; [Accessed 3 February 2015]</ref>&nbsp;for PFFD based on severity and complexity of medical intervention respectively. Another 40% of childhood amputation is acquired amputations involving trauma and disease-related.


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== Classification ==


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Various classification has been developed to congenital limb deficiencies. However,'''Swanson''' <ref name="swanson">Swanson A.B., 1976. A Classification for Congenital Limb Malformations. PubMed. [website] Available at:&lt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1021591&gt; [Accessed 4 February 2015]</ref>&nbsp;and colleagues have modified the classification based on embryonic failure:-
 
#&nbsp;Failure of formation of parts
#&nbsp;Failure of differentiation of parts
#Duplication
#Overgrowth
#Undergrowth
#Congenital constriction band syndrome
#Generalized skeletal deformities <br><br>


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Revision as of 18:23, 26 February 2015

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Introduction[edit | edit source]

Limb deficiencies can be defined as a part or entire upper or lower limb failed to form its normal size or is missing. It can be classified into two:

  1. Congenital and
  2. Acquired.

Congenital limb deficiencies can involve upper or lower limb, at birth due to several factors although the exact cause is unknown.Approximately 58% congenital limb deficiencies involving upper limb. Longitudinal deficiency [1] of hand and transverse below elbow limb deficiency are the most common presentation with 20% of children present with limb deficiencies affecting more than one limb. On the other hand,proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD) [2] is a term for complex lower extremity congenital limb deficiency. It may be unilateral or bilateral, which includes the absence of proximal femur involving the acetabulum, femoral head, patella, tibia and fibula. Both Aitken [3] and Gillespie have developed a classification [4] for PFFD based on severity and complexity of medical intervention respectively. Another 40% of childhood amputation is acquired amputations involving trauma and disease-related.

Classification[edit | edit source]

Various classification has been developed to congenital limb deficiencies. However,Swanson [5] and colleagues have modified the classification based on embryonic failure:-

  1.  Failure of formation of parts
  2.  Failure of differentiation of parts
  3. Duplication
  4. Overgrowth
  5. Undergrowth
  6. Congenital constriction band syndrome
  7. Generalized skeletal deformities

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References[edit | edit source]

 

  1. ↑ Abdel-Mota’al M., 201-. Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency. Available at:< http://gait.aidi.udel.edu/educate/pffd.htm> [Accessed 3 February 2015]
  2. ↑ Lee M.C., 2014. Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency. Medscape. [website] Available at:< http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1248323-overview#a0101> [Accessed 3 February 2015]
  3. ↑ Aitken, G.T.: Congenital short femur with fibular hemimelia. JBJS: 56 -A: 1306, 1974
  4. ↑ Skalski M., et al., 201-. Classification of Proximal Focal Femoral Deficiency. Radiopeadia.org [website] Available at:< http://radiopaedia.org/articles/classification-of-proximal-focal-femoral-deficiency> [Accessed 3 February 2015]
  5. ↑ Swanson A.B., 1976. A Classification for Congenital Limb Malformations. PubMed. [website] Available at:< http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1021591> [Accessed 4 February 2015]
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