PPA Pain Project: Difference between revisions

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== Description  ==
== Description  ==


The [http://ppa.csp.org.uk/ Physiotherapy Pain Association] (PPA) is the Professional Network of the UK`s Chartered Society of Physiotherapy and part of its recently formed NeuroMusculoskeletal Alliance. It is both pleased and proud to lead this project by supervising development of the [[Pain|Physiopedia Pain section]].   
The [http://ppa.csp.org.uk/ Physiotherapy Pain Association] (PPA) is the Professional Network of the UK`s Chartered Society of Physiotherapy and part of its recently formed NeuroMusculoskeletal Alliance. It is both pleased and proud to have led this project to develop the Pain section in Physiopedia.   


As a project-in-development we intend to populate the site with practical, credible and thought-provoking information on the science of pain, its assessment and management. Much of our direction will be guided by the new [http://www.iasp-pain.org/Education/CurriculumDetail.aspx?ItemNumber=2055 IASP Curriculum Outline on Pain for Physical Therapy].  
The aim of the project was to populate the site with practical, credible and thought-provoking information on the science of pain, its assessment and management. Much of our direction was guided by the [http://www.iasp-pain.org/Education/CurriculumDetail.aspx?ItemNumber=2055 IASP Curriculum Outline on Pain for Physical Therapy].  
 
Any one is welcome to join in this project. You will be joining people from all over the world in contributing evidence based articles to create an evidence based reference on Pain.  In return for your efforts you will receive a certificate of completion to help you evidence your learning through your involvement with this project.
 
We very much hope you will watch this space and ultimately find it a useful point of reference…..and if you do, we hope you will guide colleagues towards it!


== Project Lead  ==
== Project Lead  ==


[[User:Jo Etherton|Jo Etherton]]
The Physiopedia team is currently managing this project.


== Project Dates  ==
== Project Dates  ==
Line 19: Line 15:
June 2014 onwards  
June 2014 onwards  


== Introduction  ==
== Articles Created ==
 
As a participant in this project you will create (or update an existing) pain related page within Physiopedia.  You may choose to take part in this project as a personal contribution to your own professional development or you may wish to contribute evidence based information to develop this resource for our profession.  Your contribution will be reviewed by the PPA and once complete recognised by the award of a certificate of completion.
 
If you would like to take part in this project please follow the instructions below. 
 
If you have any questions, please do [mailto:[email protected] email us].
 
== Instructions  ==
 
#Choose an article from the list below that you would like to develop. &nbsp;Be sure that the article doesn't already have a name next to it. &nbsp;<br>
#At this point you should [mailto:[email protected] email the project co-ordinator] to let them know that you would like to join the project and which page you would like to work on. &nbsp;Please feel free also to ask any questions that you have in relation to this project e.g. if you feel a new page needs adding.
#You will receive an email from Jo (the project co-ordinator) to confirm you participation in the project and also to confirm the page that you will develop.
#Once you have received this confirmation you are free to get on with working on your page:
##First you will need to sign up for a Physiopedia account so that you can make edits to the site. &nbsp;[http://www.physio-pedia.com/Special:RequestAccount You can request an account here].
##Once you have requested your account you will receive an email asking you to confirm your email address, please do that by clicking on the link. &nbsp;Your account will then be activated and you will receive your login details. &nbsp;This is a manual process and may take a couple of days. &nbsp;If you do not receive the emails please check your spam folder and if they are not there please&nbsp;[mailto:[email protected] contact the course co-ordinator].
##When you are all set up with your Physiopedia account you will be given your own profile page on the site (the link to this will be in your joining email). &nbsp;We recommend that you edit your profile to include your professional information. &nbsp;Have a go at adding an image and a link. &nbsp;This is a great way to practice editing and also provides you with a professional profile online to link to from your new page. &nbsp;[[Help:User Tutorials|See the help tutorials]].
##By now you should feel comfortable making edits in Physiopedia, now you are ready to work on your page! &nbsp;You should create an evidence based article on the topic that you have been assigned. &nbsp;Basically this means writing about your chosen topic and providing, where possible, the best references/evidence available for the content that you write. &nbsp;It's just like Wikipedia! &nbsp;We are not expecting fully comprehensive articles at this stage but if you can provide a good knowledge base for the article (use your judgement here) it can updated and broadened at a later stage in the project. &nbsp;Have a browse through other [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Category:Articles Articles] on Physiopedia to get an understanding of the type of articles that we like to create. &nbsp;If you need help with editing please [[Help:User Tutorials|read the user tutorials]]&nbsp;or see tips below for writing guidance.&nbsp;
#Once you have completed you article (or if you have any questions in the process of creating your article) &nbsp;[mailto:[email protected] email the project co-ordinator] to let them know. &nbsp;
#Your article will then be reviewed by the PPA. &nbsp;
#Your will be emailed a response of approval or of amendments to be made.
#Once the article has been approved, it will be published and you will receive your certificate of completion.
 
If you have any questions please do [mailto:[email protected] email us].
 
== Tips ==


Physiopedia is an online resource that provides evidence based, critically reviewed information for Physiotherapists across the world. It is a collaboratively developed project that is contributed to by physiotherapists all over the world. &nbsp;The project has standards of writing that articles must adhere to in order to be published. As a collaborative activity, please do not feel dis-heartened if others make suggests or contributions to your articles over time, it helps maintain relevance and shares learning, it is not a criticism of you personally.
=== Multidimensional Experience ===
*[[Multidimensional Nature of Pain]]: Define acute and chronic pain terms of a multidimensional pain experience.  
*[[Epidemiology of Pain]]: Describe pain epidemiology in terms of a public health problem with social, ethical, and economic considerations<br>


With all this in mind here are 5 pieces of advice that we hope will give you some confidence about creating a Physiopedia pain article that will be valuable to physiotherapists all over the world!
=== Biological Factors of Pain ===
*[[Nociception]]: Describe nociceptors and the need for adequate stimuli to activate nociceptors in different tissue types (i.e. skin, muscle, joint, viscera).
*[[Peripheral Sensitisation]]: Describe peripheral sensitization and how these changes are associated with pain perception
*[[Neurogenic Inflammation]]: Describe neurogenic inflammation, the neurotransmitters involved in this process, and how these neurotransmitters could contribute to peripheral pain processing
*Processing of nociception: 
**Describe and explain the afferent innervations of the spinal cord from different tissue types, and how pain from different tissues is processed centrally.
**Describe the changes and role of ion channels, excitatory neurotransmitters, and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the peripheral nervous system and in non-neuronal cells, and how these changes influence the processing of noceception.
*[[Sensory discriminative and motivational affective component of pain]]: Describe the pain pathways involved in the sensory discriminative and motivational affective component of pain.
*[[Central sensitisation]]: Describe and define central sensitization and how this is similar and different from peripheral sensitization.
*[[Pain Behaviours]]: Describe the mechanisms that underlie pain behaviors: referred pain, primary hyperalgesia, secondary hyperalgesia, allodynia
*[[Alteration of nociception transmission post injury]]: Describe the role of excitatory neurotransmitters, inhibitory neurotransmitters, and glia in the central nervous system in enhancement of pain transmission, and changes that occur as a result of tissue injury.
*Descending pathways - Changed to [[Pain Descending Pathways]]: Describe the descending pathways that modulate pain transmission
*[[Pain facilitation and inhibition]]: Define and describe the the differences between them in terms of brain sites and neurotransmitters that play a role in this process. And how these pathways can be activated by non-pharmacological treatments.
*[[Chronic pain and the brain]]: Describe and explain the long term impact of pain on the brain. 
*[[Interactions between pain and motor function]]: Theories on the interactions between pain and motor function - describe/compare/contras 


#Look around Physiopedia and work out what articles/pages you like and are more/less likely to engage with. Think about why this is. Is it about the title, the first sentence, layout, use of pictures/videos/presentations or something else?
=== The Psychological Basis of Pain ===
#Be mindful to reference your work and use quotation marks when appropriate. Plagerism is not good academic practice. Use the guidance in the [[Adding References|Physiopedia tutorial about referencing]]. Wherever possible [[Making links|add hyperlinks]] to your information sources in your text, this will also add credence to you work. &nbsp;Remember it is your job to be be critically selective about the sources you use.&nbsp;
[[Psychological basis of pain]]: Describe and explain current theories of the psychological basis of pain e.g……..fear avoidance, pain-related anxiety, pain catastrophising, stress. and learned helplessness.  
#The article should be, wherever possible factual, not a piece to direct readers into one conclusion or another. Therefore adopt a neutral tone and voice and present other peoples arguments/references/facts and figures from all perspectives, leaving the final decision to the reader.  
#If you are concerned about the world seeing your article as your write and edit it, or you are not confident to write straight into Physiopedia, you can compose your article as a word document and we will translate into Physiopedia for you.
#A word on word count. This is for you to determine as is most appropriate for your topic and approach. Ideally not a 500 word summary of a topic, but equally not a 3000 essay. Use hyperlinks to other related Physiopedia pages and information sources tactically to help manage your word count and avoid avoid long winded explanations and signpost readers to more information/background reading. Keep in your mind the situation readers are likely to be in when accessing your information - a quick reference point for sit down with a cuppa?


Finally remember this project is about collaboration and harnessing of knowledge, so tap use your colleagues knowledge, skills - editing/proof reading, references and learn as you go together! Could make an interesting in-service training session, or team building exercise!
=== Sociologocial Basis of Pain ===
*[http://www.physio-pedia.com/Sociological_basis_of_pain Sociological basis of pain]


== Articles  ==
=== Pain Assessment ===
*[[Pain Assessment|Pain Assessment Tools]]:
**Describe and explain the use of common tools used to measure each component of a pain experience: Sensory/Affective/Cognitive/Physiological/Behavioural
**Critique the commonly used measures for different pain dimensions: 1.Self-report measures as "accepted standard" not gold standard. 2. Physical performance measures including Functional Capacity Evaluations (FCEs). 3. Physiological/autonomic response measures
*[[Complexities of Pain Assessment]]: Describe and explain the considerations that maybe required when assessing an individuals pain experience relating to&nbsp;: communication barriers, cognitive impairment, spirituality, ethnicity, age, pain type/state e.g. cancer pain or neuropathic pain. 


'''&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Multidimensional Experience...'''
=== Pain Management ===
*[[Multidiciplinary Care in Pain Management]]:
**Multidisciplinary care: Describe and explain the role and responsibilities of the physical therapist in pain management and the integration of physical therapy into the interdisciplinary team.
**Roles and responsibilities of other health care professionals in the area of pain management and the merits of interdisciplinary collaboration. 
*[[Pharmacology in Pain Management]]&nbsp;: Describe the principles of the pharmacology of medications used to treat pain: non-opioid medications, opioids, adjuvants and topical analgesics and local anaesthetics. Including limitations of the pharmacological management of chronic pain. 
*[[Patient education in Pain Management|Patient Education in Pain Management]]: Describe the evidence base supporting the use of therapeutic neuroscience education and self-management as a critical part of pain management (this could include education styles: biomedical, psychological, neuroscience. Service delivery options: face to face, web-based, group education. Models used: stings of change theory etc) 
*[[Behavioural Approaches to Pain Management]]: Describe cognitive and physical aspects of behavioural approaches to pain management and how applied in practice.
*[[Psychological Approaches to Pain Management]]: Describe models/theories and how applied in practice e.g. self efficacy, readiness to change, acceptance, coping&nbsp;  
*[[Exercise and Activity in Pain Management]]: including exercise prescription and modification for pts in pain - reps/sets/duration/intensity/pacing/goal setting/motivation&nbsp;  
*[http://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php?title=Re-engagement_in_Life_Roles_with_Pain_Conditions&action=edit Re-engagement in Life Roles with Pain Conditions]&nbsp;links between pain and function/work lags model and barriers to re-engagement
*[http://www.physio-pedia.com/Workplace_Related_Pain Workplace Related Pain]: links between the workplace and pain and barriers to overcome the issue 
*[[Traditional physiotherapy interventions for pain conditions|Traditional Physiotherapy Interventions]]: electrotherapy/acupuncture/manipulation/massage/relaxation


#[[Multidimensional Nature of Pain]]: Define acute and chronic pain terms of a multidimensional pain experience.
=== Specific Clinical Conditions ===
#[[Epidemiology of Pain]]: Describe pain epidemiology in terms of a public health problem with social, ethical, and economic considerations<br>'''<br>The Bio..'''
*[[Headache]] and [[Migraine Headache|Migraine]]  
#[[Nociception]]: Describe nociceptors and the need for adequate stimuli to activate nociceptors in different tissue types (i.e. skin, muscle, joint, viscera).
*[[Cancer pain]]  
#[[Peripheral sensitization]]: Describe peripheral sensitization and how these changes are associated with pain perception
*[[Fibromyalgia]]  
#[[Neurogenic Inflammation]]: Describe neurogenic inflammation, the neurotransmitters involved in this process, and how these neurotransmitters could contribute to peripheral pain processing
*[[Myofascial pain]]&nbsp;
#[[Processing of nociception]]:
*[[Neuropathic pain]]&nbsp;
#*6a.Describe and explain the afferent innervations of the spinal cord from different tissue types, and how pain from different tissues is processed centrally.
*[[Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)|Complex regional pain syndromes]]&nbsp;
#*6b. Describe the changes and role of ion channels, excitatory neurotransmitters, and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the peripheral nervous system and in non-neuronal cells, and how these changes influence the processing of noceception.
[[Category:Projects]]
#[[Sensory discriminative and motivational affective component of pain]]: Describe the pain pathways involved in the sensory discriminative and motivational affective component of pain.
[[Category:PPA Project]]
#[[Central sensitisation]]: Describe and define central sensitization and how this is similar and different from peripheral sensitization.
#[[Pain Behaviours]]: Describe the mechanisms that underlie pain behaviors: referred pain, primary hyperalgesia, secondary hyperalgesia, allodynia
#[[Alteration of nociception transmission post injury]]: Describe the role of excitatory neurotransmitters, inhibitory neurotransmitters, and glia in the central nervous system in enhancement of pain transmission, and changes that occur as a result of tissue injury.
#[[Descending pathways]]: Describe the descending pathways that modulate pain transmission
#[[Pain facilitation and inhibition]]: Define and describe the the differences between them in terms of brain sites and neurotransmitters that play a role in this process. And how these pathways can be activated by non-pharmacological treatments.
#[[Chronic pain and the brain]]: Describe and explain the long term impact of pain on the brain.
#Neuroimaging: Describe imaging tools used and key brain regions underpinning the experience of pain, and how this changes depending upon the context, cognitive and emotional state of the individual.
#[[Interactions between pain and motor function]]: Theories on the interactions between pain and motor function - describe/compare/contrast<br>'''<br>The Psycho…'''
#[[Psychological basis of pain]]: Describe and explain current theories of the psychological basis of pain e.g……..fear avoidance, pain-related anxiety, pain catastrophising, stress. and learned helplessness.<br>'''<br>The Socio…'''<br>
#'''<br><br>Pain Assessment'''
#[[Pain Assessment|Pain Assessment Tools]]:
#*18a. Describe and explain the use of common tools used to measure each component of a pain experience: Sensory/Affective/Cognitive/Physiological/Behavioural
#*18b. critique the commonly used measures for different pain dimensions: 1.Self-report measures as "accepted standard" not gold standard. 2. Physical performance measures including Functional Capacity Evaluations (FCEs). 3. Physiological/autonomic response measures
#[[Complexities of Pain Assessment]]: Describe and explain the considerations that maybe required when assessing an individuals pain experience relating to&nbsp;: communication barriers, cognitive impairment, spirituality, ethnicity, age, pain type/state e.g. cancer pain or neuropathic pain.<br><br>'''Pain Management'''
#[[Multidiciplinary Care in Pain Management]]:
#*20a. Multidisciplinary care: Describe and explain the role and responsibilities of the physical therapist in pain management and the integration of physical therapy into the interdisciplinary team.
#*20.b. Roles and responsibilities of other health care professionals in the area of pain management and the merits of interdisciplinary collaboration.
#[[Pharmacology in Pain Management]]&nbsp;: Describe the principles of the pharmacology of medications used to treat pain: non-opioid medications, opioids, adjuvants and topical analgesics and local anaesthetics. Including limitations of the pharmacological management of chronic pain.
#[[Patient education in Pain Management]]: Describe the evidence base supporting the use of therapeutic neuroscience education and self-management as a critical part of pain management (this could include education styles: biomedical, psychological, neuroscience. Service delivery options: face to face, web-based, group education. Models used: stings of change theory etc)
#[[Behavioural Approaches to Pain Management]]: Describe cognitive and physical aspects of behavioural approaches to pain management and how applied in practice.
#[[Psychological Approaches to pain Management]]: Describe models/theories and how applied in practice e.g. self efficacy, readiness to change, acceptance, coping
#[[Exercise and Activity in Pain Management]]: including exercise prescription and modification for pts in pain - reps/sets/duration/intensity/pacing/goal setting/motivation
#[[Re-engagement with vocation/function in pain conditions|Re-engagement with vocation/function]]: links between pain and function/work lags model and barriers to re-engagement
#[[Traditional physiotherapy interventions for pain conditions|Traditional physiotherapy interventions]]: electrotherapy/acupuncture/manipulation/massage/relaxation<br>'''<br>Specific Clinical Conditions'''
#[[Headache]] and [[Migraine Headache|Migraine]]  
#[[Cancer pain]]  
#[[Fibromyalgia]]  
#[[Myofascial pain]]  
#[[Neuropathic pain]]  
#[[Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)|Complex regional pain syndromes]]<br>

Latest revision as of 09:04, 28 July 2023

PPA.jpg

Description[edit | edit source]

The Physiotherapy Pain Association (PPA) is the Professional Network of the UK`s Chartered Society of Physiotherapy and part of its recently formed NeuroMusculoskeletal Alliance. It is both pleased and proud to have led this project to develop the Pain section in Physiopedia. 

The aim of the project was to populate the site with practical, credible and thought-provoking information on the science of pain, its assessment and management. Much of our direction was guided by the IASP Curriculum Outline on Pain for Physical Therapy.

Project Lead[edit | edit source]

The Physiopedia team is currently managing this project.

Project Dates[edit | edit source]

June 2014 onwards

Articles Created[edit | edit source]

Multidimensional Experience[edit | edit source]

Biological Factors of Pain[edit | edit source]

  • Nociception: Describe nociceptors and the need for adequate stimuli to activate nociceptors in different tissue types (i.e. skin, muscle, joint, viscera).
  • Peripheral Sensitisation: Describe peripheral sensitization and how these changes are associated with pain perception
  • Neurogenic Inflammation: Describe neurogenic inflammation, the neurotransmitters involved in this process, and how these neurotransmitters could contribute to peripheral pain processing
  • Processing of nociception:
    • Describe and explain the afferent innervations of the spinal cord from different tissue types, and how pain from different tissues is processed centrally.
    • Describe the changes and role of ion channels, excitatory neurotransmitters, and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the peripheral nervous system and in non-neuronal cells, and how these changes influence the processing of noceception.
  • Sensory discriminative and motivational affective component of pain: Describe the pain pathways involved in the sensory discriminative and motivational affective component of pain.
  • Central sensitisation: Describe and define central sensitization and how this is similar and different from peripheral sensitization.
  • Pain Behaviours: Describe the mechanisms that underlie pain behaviors: referred pain, primary hyperalgesia, secondary hyperalgesia, allodynia
  • Alteration of nociception transmission post injury: Describe the role of excitatory neurotransmitters, inhibitory neurotransmitters, and glia in the central nervous system in enhancement of pain transmission, and changes that occur as a result of tissue injury.
  • Descending pathways - Changed to Pain Descending Pathways: Describe the descending pathways that modulate pain transmission
  • Pain facilitation and inhibition: Define and describe the the differences between them in terms of brain sites and neurotransmitters that play a role in this process. And how these pathways can be activated by non-pharmacological treatments.
  • Chronic pain and the brain: Describe and explain the long term impact of pain on the brain.
  • Interactions between pain and motor function: Theories on the interactions between pain and motor function - describe/compare/contras

The Psychological Basis of Pain[edit | edit source]

Psychological basis of pain: Describe and explain current theories of the psychological basis of pain e.g……..fear avoidance, pain-related anxiety, pain catastrophising, stress. and learned helplessness.

Sociologocial Basis of Pain[edit | edit source]

Pain Assessment[edit | edit source]

  • Pain Assessment Tools:
    • Describe and explain the use of common tools used to measure each component of a pain experience: Sensory/Affective/Cognitive/Physiological/Behavioural
    • Critique the commonly used measures for different pain dimensions: 1.Self-report measures as "accepted standard" not gold standard. 2. Physical performance measures including Functional Capacity Evaluations (FCEs). 3. Physiological/autonomic response measures
  • Complexities of Pain Assessment: Describe and explain the considerations that maybe required when assessing an individuals pain experience relating to : communication barriers, cognitive impairment, spirituality, ethnicity, age, pain type/state e.g. cancer pain or neuropathic pain.

Pain Management[edit | edit source]

  • Multidiciplinary Care in Pain Management:
    • Multidisciplinary care: Describe and explain the role and responsibilities of the physical therapist in pain management and the integration of physical therapy into the interdisciplinary team.
    • Roles and responsibilities of other health care professionals in the area of pain management and the merits of interdisciplinary collaboration.
  • Pharmacology in Pain Management : Describe the principles of the pharmacology of medications used to treat pain: non-opioid medications, opioids, adjuvants and topical analgesics and local anaesthetics. Including limitations of the pharmacological management of chronic pain.
  • Patient Education in Pain Management: Describe the evidence base supporting the use of therapeutic neuroscience education and self-management as a critical part of pain management (this could include education styles: biomedical, psychological, neuroscience. Service delivery options: face to face, web-based, group education. Models used: stings of change theory etc)
  • Behavioural Approaches to Pain Management: Describe cognitive and physical aspects of behavioural approaches to pain management and how applied in practice.
  • Psychological Approaches to Pain Management: Describe models/theories and how applied in practice e.g. self efficacy, readiness to change, acceptance, coping 
  • Exercise and Activity in Pain Management: including exercise prescription and modification for pts in pain - reps/sets/duration/intensity/pacing/goal setting/motivation 
  • Re-engagement in Life Roles with Pain Conditions links between pain and function/work lags model and barriers to re-engagement
  • Workplace Related Pain: links between the workplace and pain and barriers to overcome the issue
  • Traditional Physiotherapy Interventions: electrotherapy/acupuncture/manipulation/massage/relaxation

Specific Clinical Conditions[edit | edit source]

Retrieved from "https://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php?title=PPA_Pain_Project&oldid=339242"