Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy Toolkit: Appendix A - Details of the Articles

Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy:
Details of the Articles[edit | edit source]


ABBREVIATIONS:

C/HPT = Cold/Hot Pain Threshold CSI = Corticosteroid injection DASH = Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Outcome Measure
DTFM = Deep Transverse Friction Massage LET = Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy LLLT = Low Level Laser Therapy
MFP = Myofacial Pressure MWM = Mobilization with Movement NPRS = Numeric Pain Rating Scale
NSAID = Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug OS = Observational Study
 PFGS = Pain-free Grip Strength
PPT = Pain Pressure Threshold
 PRFEQ = Patient-Rated Forearm Evaluation Questionnaire PRTEE = Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation
RCT = Randomized Controlled Trial
 SR = Systematic Review
 SWT = Shock Wave Therapy
T/V = Transverse
 QuestionnaireUEFS = Upper Extremity Functional Scale ULNT = Upper Limb Neural Tension
US = Ultrasound
 VAS = Visual Analogue Scale WALT = World Association of Laser Therapy



Manual Therapy[edit | edit source]

Soft Tissue Techniques[edit | edit source]

Verhaar et al 1996[1][edit | edit source]

Type of Evidence

RCT

Methods

n=106 (mean (sd) age: 43 (9)).
Mean duration of symptoms = 33 weeks.

Population: Outpatient setting.

Inclusion criteria included: Pain over the lateral aspect of the elbow, tenderness over the forearm extensor origin, and pain with resisted wrist extension.
Exclusion criteria included: elbow surgery, >3 CSI in the last 6 months, elbow arthritis or previous Cyriax-type physiotherapy treatment.
<u

2 groups:
1. CSI (up to 3 injections).
2. Cyriax-type physiotherapy (DTFM and Mill’s manipulation) 12 sessions over 4 weeks.

Follow up at 6 weeks and 1 year.
If treatment was unsuccessful at 6 weeks it was discontinued and an alternative treatment, including surgery, applied.

Results

Cyriax-type physiotherapy was less effective than CSI at 6 weeks for grip strength, pain with resisted movements and overall satisfaction, but equivocal at 1 year with both groups showing improvements on these measures.

After 6 weeks, approximately 50% of both groups went on to have additional treatments: Additional Injection and / or Cyriax- type physiotherapy therapy (20% combined therapy); 32.1% of CSI group and 26.4% Cyriax group had surgery.

Results included in the systematic review by Trudel at al 2004 & Herd and Meserve 2008.

Implications for Practice

From this study, no conclusion can be drawn about the longterm benefit or otherwise of Cyriax-type physiotherapy vs. CSI.

More recent studies (Bisset et al 2006) suggest that CSI is unlikely to be effective in the long term. As these two treatments had equivocal results at 12 months, this could suggest that Cyriax-type physiotherapy may not have a positive long-term effect.

It is worth noting that the authors report that patients with cervical spine symptoms at the start of the study were associated with poorer outcomes in both groups.


Brosseau et al 2004[2][edit | edit source]

Type of Evidence

SR

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, HealthSTAR, Sport Discus, CINAHL, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, PEDro, were searched up to June 2002. Reference lists were also scanned for additional studies. Data extracted and methodological quality was assessed.

Results

Only two studies were found; one was relevant to LET. For the extensor carpi radialis tendonitis the results showed no improvement in pain or function after 9 sessions of DTFM.

Implications for Practice

From this study, no conclusions can be made on the effectiveness of DTFM for treatment of LET. The authors suggest other treatments such as correcting biomechanics and strengthening maybe more effective than DTFM.


Law et al 2008[3][edit | edit source]

Type of Evidence

RCT

Methods

Acute muscle pain model (DOMs) was used to assess the immediate effect of deep tissue and superficial massage.

Population: 43 (females = 21, mean (SD) age: 23.3 (3.5)).

Inclusion criteria included: Not reported.
Exclusion criteria included: Any report of preexisting of musculoskeletal pain.

3 groups:
1. Control (rest, no massage), n=11.
2. Superficial massage, n=17.
3. Deep tissue massage, n=16.

All participants had a session of exercise and a session of “treatment.” Outcomes were measured immediately post treatment.

Results

Massage did not change peak torque, or pain at rest.
Deep tissue massage had a greater influence on pain reduction than superficial massage for stretch pain.
Deep and superficial massage reduced mechanical hyperalgesia.
There was not difference between the results for men and women.

Implications for Practice

Extrapolation from this study may support the use of deep and superficial massage to alter muscle pain.


Nagrale et al 2009[4][edit | edit source]

Type of Evidence

SR

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, HealthSTAR, Sport Discus, CINAHL, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, PEDro, were searched up to June 2002. Reference lists were also scanned for additional studies. Data extracted and methodological quality was assessed.

Results

Only two studies were found; one was relevant to LET. For the extensor carpi radialis tendonitis the results showed no improvement in pain or function after 9 sessions of DTFM.

Implications for Practice

From this study, no conclusions can be made on the effectiveness of DTFM for treatment of LET. The authors suggest other treatments such as correcting biomechanics and strengthening maybe more effective than DTFM.


Joseph et al 2012[5][edit | edit source]

Type of Evidence

SR

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, HealthSTAR, Sport Discus, CINAHL, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, PEDro, were searched up to June 2002. Reference lists were also scanned for additional studies. Data extracted and methodological quality was assessed.

Results

Only two studies were found; one was relevant to LET. For the extensor carpi radialis tendonitis the results showed no improvement in pain or function after 9 sessions of DTFM.

Implications for Practice

From this study, no conclusions can be made on the effectiveness of DTFM for treatment of LET. The authors suggest other treatments such as correcting biomechanics and strengthening maybe more effective than DTFM.


Viswas et al 2012[6][edit | edit source]

Ajimsha et al 2012[7][edit | edit source]

Elbow MWM[edit | edit source]

Vicenzino et al 2001[8][edit | edit source]

Kocha & Dogra 2002[9][edit | edit source]

Paungmali et al 2003[10][edit | edit source]

Bisset et al 2005[11][edit | edit source]

Bisset et al 2006[12][edit | edit source]

Vicenzino & Teys 2007[13][edit | edit source]

Barr et al 2009[14][edit | edit source]

Pagorek 2009[15][edit | edit source]

Bisset et al 2011[16][edit | edit source]

Trudel et al 2004[17][edit | edit source]

Wrist MWM[edit | edit source]

Struijs et al 2003[18][edit | edit source]

Spinal Manual Therapy[edit | edit source]

Vicenzino et al 1996[19][edit | edit source]

Cleland et al 2004[20][edit | edit source]

Cleland et al 2005[21][edit | edit source]

Fernández-Carnero et al 2008[22][edit | edit source]

Fernández-Carnero & Cleland 2011[23][edit | edit source]

Systematic Reviews/Meta-Analyses Evaluating Various Interventions & Regions[edit | edit source]

Smidt et al 2003[24][edit | edit source]

Bisset et al 2005[25][edit | edit source]

Herd & Meserve 2008[26][edit | edit source]

Gonzalez-Iglesias et al 2011[27][edit | edit source]


Exercise[edit | edit source]

Croisier et al 2007[28]
[edit | edit source]

Luginbühl et al 2008[29][edit | edit source]

Martinez-Silvestrini et al 2005[30][edit | edit source]

Nilsson et al 2007[31][edit | edit source]

Park et al 2010[32][edit | edit source]

Peterson et al 2011[33][edit | edit source]

Pienimaki et al 1996[34][edit | edit source]

Pienimaki et al 1998[35][edit | edit source]

Raman et al 2012[36][edit | edit source]

Stasinopoulos & Stasinopoulos 2006[37][edit | edit source]

Tyler et al 2010[38][edit | edit source]

Viswas et al 2012[39][edit | edit source]


Acupuncture
[edit | edit source]

Trinh et al 2004[40]
[edit | edit source]

National Institutes of Health (NIH) 1998[41][edit | edit source]


Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT)
[edit | edit source]

Bisset et al 2011[42]
[edit | edit source]

Chang et al 2010[43][edit | edit source]

Tumilty et al 2010[44][edit | edit source]

Bjordal et al 2008[45][edit | edit source]

Bisset et al 2005[46][edit | edit source]

Trudel et al 2004[47][edit | edit source]

Skorupska et al 2012[48][edit | edit source]

Emanet et al 2010[49][edit | edit source]

Stasinopoulos et al 2009[50][edit | edit source]

Oken et al 2008[51][edit | edit source]

Lam & Cheing 2007[52][edit | edit source]

Stergioulas 2007[53][edit | edit source]

Basford et al 2000[54][edit | edit source]


Ultrasound (US)
[edit | edit source]

Gunduz et al 2012[55]
[edit | edit source]

Skorupska et al 2012[56][edit | edit source]

Akin et al 2010[57][edit | edit source]

Oken et al 2008[58][edit | edit source]

Struijs et al 2003[59][edit | edit source]

Kochar & Dogra 2002[60][edit | edit source]

Stratford et al 1989[61][edit | edit source]

Lundeberg et al 1988[62][edit | edit source]

Binder et al 1985[63][edit | edit source]

Ruane et al 2010[64][edit | edit source]

Nimgade et al 2005[65][edit | edit source]

Bisset et al 2005[66][edit | edit source]

Boisaubert et al 2004[67][edit | edit source]

Trudel et al 2004[68][edit | edit source]

Smidt et al 2003[69][edit | edit source]

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) - Focused and Radial
[edit | edit source]

Haake et al 2002[70]
[edit | edit source]

Speed et al 2002[71][edit | edit source]

Crowther et al 2002[72][edit | edit source]

Chung & Wiley 2004[73][edit | edit source]

Rompe et al 2004[74][edit | edit source]

Pettrone & McCall 2005[75][edit | edit source]

Spacca et al 2005[76][edit | edit source]

Stasinopoulos & Johnson 2005[77][edit | edit source]

Buchbinder et al 2006[78][edit | edit source]

Rompe & Muffulli 2007[79][edit | edit source]

Staples et al 2008[80][edit | edit source]

Ozturan et al 2010[81][edit | edit source]


Iontophoresis with Dexamethasone
[edit | edit source]

Runeson & Haker 2002[82]
[edit | edit source]

Nirschl et al 2003[83][edit | edit source]

Sefanou et al 2012[84][edit | edit source]


Iontophoresis with NSAID
[edit | edit source]

Demirtas & Oner 1998[85]
[edit | edit source]

Baskurt et al 2003[86][edit | edit source]


Iontophoresis with Lidocaine
[edit | edit source]

Yarrobino et al 2006[87][edit | edit source]


Orthotic Devices
[edit | edit source]

Struijs et al 2002[88]
[edit | edit source]

Buchbinder et al 2011[89][edit | edit source]

Dwars et al 1990[90][edit | edit source]

Holdsworth & Anderson 1993[91][edit | edit source]

Erturk et al 1997[92][edit | edit source]

Burton 1988[93][edit | edit source]

Struijs et al 2004[94][edit | edit source]

Garg et al 2010[95][edit | edit source]

Altan & Kanat 2008[96][edit | edit source]

Van De Streek et al 2004[97][edit | edit source]

Faes et al 1998[98][edit | edit source]

Oken et al 2006[99][edit | edit source]

Haker & Lundeberg 1993[100][edit | edit source]


Taping
[edit | edit source]

Vicenzino et al 2003[101]
[edit | edit source]

Shamsoddini & Hollisaz 2010[102][edit | edit source]



Download Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy Toolkit: Details of the Articles
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http://physicaltherapy.med.ubc.ca/files/2013/07/Appendix-A-Lateral-Epicondyle-Tendinopathy-Details-of-Articles-June-2013.pdf



References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Verhaar JAN, et al. Local corticosteroid injection versus cyriax-type physiotherapy for tennis elbow. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. Jan 1996; British 78B(1): 128-132.
  2. ↑ Brosseau L, Casimiro L, Milne S, et al. (2002). Deep transverse friction Tendinitis massage for treating tendinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 4.
  3. ↑ Law LAF, et al. Massage reduces pain perception and hyperalgesia in experimental muscle pain: A randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Pain. Aug 2008; 9(8): 714-721.
  4. ↑ Nagrale, A. et al. Cyriax physiotherapy versus phonophoresis with supervised exercise in subjects with lateral epicondylalgial [sic]. Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy. 2009; 17(3): 171-178.
  5. ↑ Joseph M, Taft J, et al. Deep friction massage for the treatment of tendinopathy: A systematic review of a classic treatment in the face of a new paradigm of understanding. Journal of Sports Rehabilitation. 2012; 21: 343-353.
  6. ↑ Viswas R, Ramachandran R, Korde Anantkumar P. Comparison of effectiveness of supervised exercise program and cyriax physiotherapy in patients with tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis): a randomized clinical trial. The Scientific World Journal. 2012.
  7. ↑ Ajimsha, MS, Chithra, S, Thulasyammal, RP. Effectiveness of Myofascial Release in the Management of Lateral Epicondylitis in Computer Professionals. Archives of Physical Medicine &amp;amp;amp;fckLRRehabilitation. 2012; 93(4): 604-609.
  8. ↑ Vicenzino, B. et al. Specific manipulative therapy treatment for chronic lateral epicondylalgia produces uniquely characteristic hypoalgesia. Manual Therapy. Nov 2001; 6(4): 205-212.
  9. ↑ Kocha, M, Dogra, A. Effectiveness of a specific physiotherapy regime on patients with tennis elbow: Clinical study. Physiotherapy, 2002; 88(6): 333-341.
  10. ↑ Paungmali, A et al. Hypoalgesic and sympathoexcitatory effects of mobilization with movement for lateral epicondylalgia. Physical Therapy. Apr 2003; 83(4): 374-383.
  11. ↑ Bisset L, Paungmali A, Vicenzino B, Beller E. A systematic review and metaanalysis of clinical trials on physical interventions for lateral epicondylalgia. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2005; 39, 411-422.
  12. ↑ Bisset L, Beller E, Jull G, Brooks P, Darnell R, Vicenzino B. Mobilisation with movement and exercise, corticosteroid injection, or wait and see for tennis elbow: randomised trial. British Medical Journal. Nov 4, 2006; 333(7575): 939-941.
  13. ↑ Vicenzino B, Teys PA. Mulligan's mobilization-with movement, positional faults and pain relief: Current concepts from a critical review of literature. Manual Therapy. 2007; (12): 98-108.
  14. ↑ Barr S, Cerisola F, Blanchard V. Effectiveness of corticosteroid injections compared with physiotherapeutic interventions for lateral epicondylitis: A systematic review. Physiotherapy. Dec 2009; 95(4): 251-265.
  15. ↑ Pagorek S. Effect of manual mobilization with movement on pain and strength in adults with chronic lateral epicondylitis. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2009; 18(3): 448-457.
  16. ↑ Bisset L, Coombes B, Vicenzino B. Tennis elbow. Clinical Evidence. June 2011. Doi.pii:1117
  17. ↑ Trudel D, Duley J, Zastrow I, et al. Rehabilitation for patients with lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review. Journal of Hand Therapy. 2004; 17(2): 243-266.
  18. ↑ Struijs, PAA, et al. Manipulation of the wrist for management of lateral epicondylitis: A randomized pilot study. Physical Therapy. July 2003; 83(7): 608-616.
  19. ↑ Vicenzino B, Collins D, Wright A. The initial effects of a cervical spine manipulative physiotherapy treatment on the pain and dysfunction of lateral epicondylalgia. Pain. Nov 1996; 68(1): 69-74.
  20. ↑ Cleland JA, Whitman JM, Fritz, JM. Effectiveness of manual physical therapy to the cervical spine in the management of lateral epicondylalgia: a retrospective analysis. Commentary by Vicenzio B. Journal of Orthopaedic &amp;amp;amp; Sports Physical Therapy. 2004; 34(11): 713-724.
  21. ↑ Cleland JA, Flynn TW, Palmer JA. Incorporation of manual therapy directed at the cervicothoracic spine in patients with lateral epicondylalgia: a pilot clinical trial. Journal of Manual &amp;amp;amp; Manipulative Therapy. 2005; 13(3): 143-151.
  22. ↑ Fernández-Carnero J, Fernández-De-Las-Peñas C, et al. Immediate hypoalgesic and motor effects after a single cervical manipulation in subjects with lateral epicondylalgia. Journal of Manual &amp;amp;amp; Manipulative Therapy. 2008; 31(9): 675-681.
  23. ↑ Fernández-Carnero J, Cleland A. Examination of motor and Hypoalgesic Effects of cervical vs thoracic spine manipulation in patients with lateral epicondylalgia: A clinical trial. Journal of Manual &amp;amp;amp; Manipulative Therapy. 2011; 34(7): 432-440.
  24. ↑ Smidt N. et al. Effectiveness of physiotherapy for lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review. Annals of Medicine. 2003; 35(1): 51-62.
  25. ↑ Bisset L, Paungmali A, Vicenzino B, Beller E. A systematic review and metaanalysis of clinical trials on physical interventions for lateral epicondylalgia. British Journal of Sports Medicine. July 1, 2005; 39(7): 411-422.
  26. ↑ Herd CR, Meserve BB. A systematic review of the effectiveness of manipulative therapy in treating lateral epicondylalgia. Journal of Manual &amp;amp;amp; Manipulative Therapy. 2008; 16(4): 225-237.
  27. ↑ Gonzalez-Iglesias J, Cleland JA, Gutierrez-Vega M, Fernandezde-las-Penas C. Multimodal Management of Lateral Epicondylalgia in Rock Climbers: A Prospective Case Series. Journal of Manipulative &amp;amp;amp; Physiological Therapeutics. 2011; 34(9): 635-642.
  28. ↑ Croisier JL, Foidart-Dessalle M, Tinant F, Crielaard JM, Forthomme B. An isokinetic eccentric programme for the management of chronic lateral epicondylar tendinopathy. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2007; 41(4): 269-75.
  29. ↑ Luginbühl R, Brunner F, Schneeberger AG. No effect of forearm band and extensor strengthening exercises for the treatment of tennis elbow: a prospective randomised study. La Chirurgia degli Organi di Movimento. 2008; 91(1): 35-40.
  30. ↑ Martinez-Silvestrini JA, Newcomer K L, Gay RE, Schaefer MP, Kortebein P, Arendt KW. Chronic lateral epicondylitis: comparative effectiveness of a home exercise program including stretching alone versus stretching supplemented with eccentric or concentric strengthening. Journal of Hand Therapy, 2005. Oct-Dec; 18(4): 411-419.
  31. ↑ Nilsson P, Thom E, Baigi A, Marklund B, Mansson J. A prospective pilot study of a multidisciplinary home training program for lateral epicondylosis. Musculoskeletal Care. 2007; 5(1):36-50.
  32. ↑ Park JY, Park HK, Choi JH, Moon ES, Kim BS, Kim WS, Oh KS. Prospective evaluation of the effectiveness of a home-based program of isometric strengthening exercises: 12-month follow-up. (eng) Clinics In Orthopedic Surgery. Sep 2010; 2(3): 173-8.
  33. ↑ Peterson M, Butler S, Eriksson M, Svardsudd K. A randomized controlled trial of exercise versus wait-list in chronic tennis elbow (lateral epicondylosis). Uppsala Journal of Medical Science. 2011; 116: 269-279.
  34. ↑ Pienimaki TT, Tarvainen TK, Siira PT, Vanharanta H. Progressive strengthening and stretching exercises and ultrasound for chronic lateral epicondylosis. Physiotherapy. 1996; 82(9): 522-30.
  35. ↑ Pienimaki T, Karinen P, Kemila T, Koivukangas P, Vanharanta H. Long-term follow-up of conservatively treated chronic tennis elbow patients. A prospective and retrospective analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 1998; 30: 159-166.
  36. ↑ Raman J, MacDermid J, Grewal R. Effectiveness of Different Methods of Resistance Exercises in Lateral Epicondylosis - A Systematic Review. Journal of Hand Therapy. Jan-Mar 2012; 25(1): 5-26.
  37. ↑ Stasinopoulos D, Stasinopoulos I. (2006) Comparison of effects of cyriax physiotherapy, a supervised exercise programme and polarized polychromatic non-coherent light (bioptron light) for the treatment of lateral epicondylosis. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2006; 20(1): 12-23.
  38. ↑ Tyler T, Thomas G, Nicholas S, McHugh M. Addition of isolated wrist extensor eccentric exercise to standard treatment for chronic lateral epicondylosis: a prospective randomized trial. Journal Of Shoulder And Elbow Surgery. Sep 2010; 19(6): 917-922.
  39. ↑ Viswas R, Ramachandran R, Korde Anantkumar P. Comparison of effectiveness of supervised exercise program and cyriax physiotherapy in patients with tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis): a randomized clinical trial. The Scientific World Journal. 2012.
  40. ↑ Trinh KV, Phillips SD, Ho E, Damsma K. Acupuncture for the alleviation of lateral epicondyle pain: a systematic review. Rheumatology. 2004; 43: 1085-90.
  41. ↑ NIH Consensus Conference. November 4, 1998. Acupuncture. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Acupuncture. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1998; 280(17): 1518-1524.
  42. ↑ Bisset L, Coombes B, Vicenzino B. Tennis elbow. Clinical Evidence. 2011; 1-35.
  43. ↑ Chang W-D, Wu J-H, Yang W-J, Jiang J-A. Therapeutic effects of low-level laser on lateral epicondylitis from differential interventions of Chinese-Western medicine: Systematic review. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. 2010; 28(3): 327-336.
  44. ↑ Tumilty S, Munn J, McDonough S, Hurley D A, Basford J R, Baxter G D. Low level laser treatment of tendinopathy: a systematic review with metaanalysis. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. 2010; 28(1): 3-16.
  45. ↑ Bjordal JM, Lopes-Martins RAB, Joense J, Couppe C, Ljunggren AE, Stergioulas A, Johnson MI. A systematic review with procedural assessments and meta-analysis of Low Level Laser Therapy in lateral elbow tendinopathy (tennis elbow). BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2008; 9(75).
  46. ↑ Bisset L, Paungmali A, Vicenzino B, Beller E. A systematic review and metaanalysis of clinical trials on physical interventions for lateral epicondylalgia. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2005; 39(7): 411-22.
  47. ↑ Trudel D, Duley J, Zastrow I, Kerr EW, Davidson R, MacDermid JC. Rehabilitation for Patients with Lateral Epicondylitis. Journal of Hand Therapy. 2004; 17: 243-266.
  48. ↑ Skorupska E, Lisinski P, Samborski W. The effectiveness of the conservative versus myofascial pain physiotherapy in tennis elbow patients: Double-blind randomized trial of 80 patients. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain. 2012; 20(1): 41-50.
  49. ↑ Emanet SK, Altan LI, Yurtkuran M. Investigation of the effect of GaAs laser therapy on lateral epicondylitis. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. 2010; 28(3): 397-403.
  50. ↑ Stasinopoulos D, Stasinopoulos I, Pantelis M, Stasinopoulou K. Comparing the effects of exercise program and low-level laser therapy with exercise program and polarized polychromatic non-coherent light (bioptron light) on the treatment of lateral elbow tendinopathy. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. 2009; 27(3): 513-520.
  51. ↑ Oken O, Kahraman Y, Ayhan F, Canpolat S, Yorgancioglu Z R, Oken O F. The Short-term Efficacy of Laser, Brace, and Ultrasound Treatment in Lateral Epicondylitis: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of Hand Therapy. 2008; 21(1): 63-68.
  52. ↑ Lam LKY, Cheing GL. Effects of 904-nm low-level laser therapy in the management of lateral epicondylitis: a randomized controlled trial. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. 2007; 25(2): 65-71.
  53. ↑ Stergioulas A. Effects of lowlevel laser and plyometric exercises in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. 2007; 25(3): 205-213.
  54. ↑ Basford JR, Sheffield CG, Cieslak KR. Laser therapy: a randomized, controlled trial of the effects of low intensity Nd:YAG laser irradiation on lateral epicondylitis. Archives of Physical Medicine &amp;amp;amp; Rehabilitation. 2000; 81(11): 1504-1510.
  55. ↑ Gunduz R, Malas F U, Borman P, Kocaoglu S, Ozcakar L. Physical therapy, corticosteroid injection, and extracorporeal shock wave treatment in lateral epicondylitis. Clinical and ultrasonographical comparison. Clinical Rheumatology. 2012; 31(5): 807-812.
  56. ↑ Skorupska E, Lisinski P, Samborski W. The effectiveness of the conservative versus myofascial pain physiotherapy in tennis elbow patients: Double-blind randomized trial of 80 patients. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain. 2012; 20(1): 41-50.
  57. ↑ Akin C, Oken O, Fusun Koseoglu B. Short-term effectiveness of ultrasound treatment in patients with lateral epicondylitis: Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective study. [Turkish] Turkish Journal of Rheumatology. 2010; 25(2): 50-55.
  58. ↑ Oken O, Kahraman Y, Ayhan F, Canpolat S, Yorgancioglu ZR, Oken OF. The Short-term Efficacy of Laser, Brace, and Ultrasound Treatment in Lateral Epicondylitis: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of Hand Therapy. 2008; 21(1): 63-68.
  59. ↑ Struijs PA, Damen PJ, Bakker EW, Blankevoort L, Assendelft WJ, van Dijk CN. Manipulation of the wrist for management of lateral epicondylitis: a randomized pilot study. Physical Therapy. 2003; 83(7): 608-616.
  60. ↑ Kochar M, Dogra A. Effectiveness of a specific physiotherapy regimen on patients with tennis elbow: Clinical study. Physiotherapy. 2002; 88(6): 333-341.
  61. ↑ Stratford PW, Levy DR, Gauldie S, Miseferi D, Levy K. The evaluation of phonophoresis and friction massage as treatments for extensor carpi radialis tendinitis: a randomized controlled trial. Physiotherapy Canada. 1989; (41): 93-9.
  62. ↑ Lundeberg T, Abrahamsson P, Haker E. A comparative study of continuous ultrasound, placebo ultrasound and rest in epicondylalgia. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 1988.
  63. ↑ Binder A, Hodge G, Greenwood A M, Hazleman B L, Page Thomas DP. Is therapeutic ultrasound effective in treating soft tissue lesions? British Medical Journal. 1985.
  64. ↑ Ruane H, Hay L, Callaghan M. Best Evidence Topic report. BET 2. Is electrotherapy useful for tennis elbow? Emergency Medicine Journal. 2010; 27(2): 142-144.
  65. ↑ Nimgade A, Sullivan M, Goldman R. Physiotherapy, fckLRsteroid injections, or rest for lateral epicondylosis? What the evidence suggests. Pain Practice. 2005; 5(3): 203-215.
  66. ↑ Bisset L, Paungmali A, Vicenzino B, Beller E. A systematic review and metaanalysis of clinical trials on physical interventions for lateral epicondylalgia. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2005; 39(7): 411-22.
  67. ↑ Boisaubert B, Brousse C, Zaoui A, Montigny J P. Nonsurgical treatment of tennis elbow. [French]. Annales De Readaptation Et De Medecine Physique. 2004; 47(6): 346-355.
  68. ↑ Trudel D, Duley J, Zastrow I, Kerr EW, Davidson R, MacDermid JC. Rehabilitation for patients with lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review. Journal of Hand Therapy. 2004; 17(2): 243-266.
  69. ↑ Smidt N, Assendelft WJJ, Arola H, Malmivaara A, Greens S, Buchbinder R, et al. Effectiveness of physio-therapy for lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review. Annals of Medicine. 2003; 35(1): 51-62.
  70. ↑ Haake M, Konig I, Decker T, et al. Extra-corporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis: a randomized multicenter trial. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (Am). 2002; 84-A(11): 1982-91.
  71. ↑ Speed N, Nichols D, Richards C, et al. Extra-corporeal shock wave therapy for lateral epicondylitis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Journal of Orthopedic Research. 2002; 20: 895-8.
  72. ↑ Crowther M, Bannister G, Huma H, Rooker G. A prospective, randomized study to compare extra-corporeal shock wave therapy and injection of steroid for the treatment of tennis elbow. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (Br). 2002; 84-B: 678-79.
  73. ↑ Chung B, Wiley JP. Effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of previously untreated lateral epicondylitis: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2004; 32(7): 1660-7.
  74. ↑ Rompe J, Decking J. Schoeliner S, Thies C. Repetitive low energy shock wave therapy for treatment of chronic lateral epicondylitis in tennis layers. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2004; 32(3): 734-43.
  75. ↑ Pettrone F, McCall B. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy without local anesthetic for chronic lateral epicondylitis. Journal of Bone and Joint fckLRSurgery (Am). 2005; 87A(6): 1297-1304.
  76. ↑ Spacca G, Necozine S, Cacchio A. Radial shock wave therapy for lateral epicondylitis: a prospective randomized controlled single-blind study. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2005; 42(1): 17-25.
  77. ↑ Stasinopoulos D, Johnson M. Effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis). British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2005; 39(3): 132-6.
  78. ↑ Buchbinder R, Green S, Youd J, et al. Systematic review of the efficiency and safety of shock wave therapy for lateral elbow pain. Journal of Rheumatology. 2006; 33(7): 1351-63.
  79. ↑ Rompe J, Muffulli N. Repetitive shock wave therapy for lateral elbow tendinopathy (tennis elbow): a systematic and qualitative analysis. British Medical Bulletin. 2007; 83(1): 355-78.
  80. ↑ Staples M, Forbes A, Ptasznik R, Gordon J, Buchbinder R. A randomized controlled trial of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow). Journal of Rheumatology 2008. 31(10): 2038-46.
  81. ↑ Ozturan K, Yucell I, Cakici H, Guven M, Sungur I. Autologous blood and corticosteroid injection and extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. Orthopedics. 2010; 33: 84-91.
  82. ↑ Runeson L, Haker E. Iontophoresis with cortisone for the treatment of lateral epicondylagia (tennis elbow). Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 2002; 12: 136-42.
  83. ↑ Nirschl R, Rodin D, Ochiai D, Martmann-Moe C. Iontophoretic administration of Dexamethasone for acute epicondlyitits: a randomized double-blinded placebo controlled study. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2003; 31: 915-20.
  84. ↑ Sefanou A, Marshall N, Holdon W, Siddiqui A. A randomized study comparing corticosteroid injection to corticosteroid iontophoresis for lateral epicondylitis. Journal of Hand Surgery. 2012; 37(1): 104-9.
  85. ↑ Demirtas R, Oner C. Treatment of lateral epicondylitis by ionotophoresis of sodium salicylate and sodium diclofenac. Clinical Rehabilitation. 1998; 12: 23-29.
  86. ↑ Baskurt F, Ozcan A, Algun C. Comparison of effects of phonophoresis and iontophoresis of naproxen in treatment of lateral epicondylitis. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2003; 17: 96-100.
  87. ↑ Yarrobino T, Kalbfleisch J, et al. Lidocaine ion mediates analgesia in lateral epicondylalgia treatment. Physiotherapy Research International. 2006; 11(3): 152-160.
  88. ↑ Struijs PA, Smidt N, Arola H, Dijk CN, Buchbinder R, Assendelft WJ. Orthotic devices for the treatment of tennis elbow. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (1):CD001821, 2002.
  89. ↑ Buchbinder R, Green SE, Struijs P. Tennis elbow. Clinical Evidence (Online). 2011; pii: 1117.
  90. ↑ Dwars BJ, de Feiter P, Patka P, Haarman HJ. Functional treatment of tennis elbow. A comparative study between an elbow support and physical therapy. Sports, Medicine and Health; Proceedings of the XXIV World Congress of Sports Medicine. 1990; 237-41.
  91. ↑ Holdsworth LK, Anderson DM. Effectiveness of ultrasound used with a hydrocortisone coupling medium or epicondylitis clasp to treat lateral epicondylitis: Pilot study. Physiotherapy 1993;79: 19-25.
  92. ↑ Erturk H, Celiker R, Sivri A, Cetin A, Cindas A. The efficacy of different treatment regiments that are commonly used in tennis elbow. Journal of Rheumatology and Medical Rehabilitation. 1997; 8: 298-301.
  93. ↑ Burton AK. A comparative trial of forearm strap and topical anti-inflammatory as adjuncts to manipulative therapy in tennis elbow. Manual Medicine. 1988; 3(4): 141-3.
  94. ↑ Struijs PA, Kerkhoffs GM, Assendelft WJ, Van Dijk CN. Conservative treatment of lateral epicondylitis: brace versus physical therapy or a combination of both-a randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Sports Medicine. Mar 2004; 32(2): 462-9.
  95. ↑ Garg R, Adamson GJ, Dawson PA, Shankwiler JA, Pink MM. A prospective randomized study comparing a forearm strap brace versus a wrist splint for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. Journal of Shoulder &amp;amp;amp; Elbow Surgery. Jun 2010; 19(4): 508-12.
  96. ↑ Altan L, Kanat E. Conservative treatment of lateral epicondylitis: comparison of two different orthotic devices. Clinical Rheumatology. Aug 2008; 27(8): 1015-9.
  97. ↑ Van De Streek MD, Van Der Schans CP, De Greef MH, Postema K. The effect of a forearm/hand splint compared with an elbow band as a treatment for lateral epicondylitis. Prosthetics &amp;amp;amp; Orthotics International. Aug 2004; 28(2): 183-9.
  98. ↑ Faes M, van den Akker B, de Lint JA, Kooloos JG, Hopman MT. Dynamic extensor brace for lateral epicondylitis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Jul 1998; 79(7): 832-7.
  99. ↑ Oken O, Kahraman Y, Ayhan F, Canpolat S, Yorgancioglu ZR, Oken OF. The short-term efficacy of laser, brace, and ultrasound treatment in lateral epicondylitis: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research. Jan 2006; 442: 149-57.
  100. ↑ Haker E, Lundeberg T. Elbowband, splintage and steroids in lateral epicondylalgia (tennis elbow). Pain Clinics. 1993; 6: 103-112.
  101. ↑ Vicenzino B, Brooksbank J, Minto J, Offord S, Paungmali A. Initial effects of elbow taping on pain-free grip strength and pressure pain threshold. Journal of Orthopaedic &amp;amp;amp; Sports Physical Therapy. Jul 2003; 33(7): 400-7.
  102. ↑ Shamsoddini A, Hollisaz MT. Initial effect of taping technique on wrist extension and grip strength and pain of Individuals with lateral epicondylitis. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal. 2010; 8(11).
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