Introduction to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF): Difference between revisions
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According to ICIDH manual, "an impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function". <ref name=":1" />Classification of ''impairments'' reflected: | According to ICIDH manual, "an impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function". <ref name=":1" />Classification of ''impairments'' (I code) reflected: | ||
* abnormalities of body structure (temporary or parmanent) | * abnormalities of body structure (temporary or parmanent) | ||
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The following categories of impairments were listed in the manual: intellectual , other psychological, language, aural, ocular, visceral, skeletal, disfiguring, general, sensory and other.<ref name=":1" /> | The following categories of impairments were listed in the manual: intellectual , other psychological, language, aural, ocular, visceral, skeletal, disfiguring, general, sensory and other.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
A disability was considered "any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being".<ref name=":1" />Classification of ''disabilities'' reflected: | A disability was considered "any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being".<ref name=":1" />Classification of ''disabilities'' (D code) reflected: | ||
* individual's functional performance | * individual's functional performance | ||
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Nine categories of disability included: behaviour, communication, personal care, locomotor, body disposition, dexterity, situational, particular skill, and other activity restrictions. | Nine categories of disability included: behaviour, communication, personal care, locomotor, body disposition, dexterity, situational, particular skill, and other activity restrictions. | ||
''Handicaps'' was defined as "the disadvantages experienced by the individual as a result of impairments and disabilities that limits or prevents the fulf1lment of a role that is normal (depending on age, sex, and social and cultural factors) for that individual".<ref name=":1">World Health Organization. [https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/41003/9241541261_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y International classification of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps: a manual of classification relating to the consequences of disease, published in accordance with resolution WHA29]. 35 of the Twenty-ninth World Health Assembly, May 1976. World Health Organization; 1980.</ref>There were two dimensions of handicap listed in the manual: survival role, with six keys dimensions, and other. | ''Handicaps'' (H code) was defined as "the disadvantages experienced by the individual as a result of impairments and disabilities that limits or prevents the fulf1lment of a role that is normal (depending on age, sex, and social and cultural factors) for that individual".<ref name=":1">World Health Organization. [https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/41003/9241541261_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y International classification of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps: a manual of classification relating to the consequences of disease, published in accordance with resolution WHA29]. 35 of the Twenty-ninth World Health Assembly, May 1976. World Health Organization; 1980.</ref>There were two dimensions of handicap listed in the manual: survival role, with six keys dimensions, and other. Six major survival roles included: orientation, physical independence, mobility, occupation, social integration, and economic self-sufficiency. | ||
Coding example based on ICIDH: "Unable to see" could potentially be coded as 9D90.Z (ICD-11), 51 (Impairment code), or 26 (Disability code) as each classifications have different purposes, and it was up to the user to decide which classifications were appropriate.<ref name=":3">Gray DB, Hendershot GE. [https://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-9993(00)99115-9/fulltext The ICIDH-2: developments for a new era of outcomes research]. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000 Dec;81(12 Suppl 2):S10-4.</ref> ICD would be chosen to understand the cause of blindness. Classification of impairment would allow facilitation of the grouping of low vision impairments. Disability would help to plan a course of rehabilitation, because it allows to specify the outcome or prognosis of a vision-related disability.<ref name=":3" /> | |||
=== ICIDH-2 === | === ICIDH-2 === | ||
The | ICIDH-2 is a new version of ICIDH which was released as alpha version in 1996, followed by beta one and beta two versions tested by WHO in 1997 and in 1999. The biggest changes in ICIDH-2 as compared to the original ICIDH included adding two new dimensions: participation in social activities and a listing of environmental factors which are important for understanding the complexity of disability.<ref>Gray DB, Hendershot GE. The ICIDH-2: developments for a new era of outcomes research. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000 Dec;81(12 Suppl 2):S10-4.</ref> a model is needed that goes beyond diagnosed conditions to describe the ''consequences'' of those conditions. <ref name=":3" /> | ||
== WHO-FIC == | == WHO-FIC == | ||
=== International Classification of Disease (ICD-11) === | === International Classification of Disease (ICD-11) === | ||
Another member of the “family of classifications” developed, maintained, and disseminated by the World Health Organization is the much older and more widely used International Classification of Diseases (ICD). It was first published in 1893 and is now in its 11th revision.<ref name=":3" />The ICD evolved under that health paradigm, and is useful for classifying existing conditions (morbidity) or causes of death (mortality). | |||
=== International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) === | === International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) === | ||
Revision as of 09:39, 19 June 2022
Original Editor - Ewa Jaraczewska based on the course by Patricia Saleeby
Top Contributors - Ewa Jaraczewska, Jess Bell, Kim Jackson, Tarina van der Stockt and Robin Tacchetti
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Model of disability which has been systematically developed by The World Health Organization (WHO) is based on the ongoing interaction between ones health and contextual factors. This model acknowledges that disability is a universal human experience, is etiologically neutral, and it lies on a continuum from no disability to complete disability.[1]The contextual factors affecting person's health include real-life environment, social interactions, and social participations.[1]Every healthcare personel need to understand and appreciate that patient perceives his health through the lenses of his daily life impacted by the environment.[1]This course provides an introduction to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) and review the changes and progress in conceptualising and measuring disability.
International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicaps (ICIDH)[edit | edit source]
International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicaps known as ICIDH, was published by the World Health Organization in 1980. It was a manual containing the classification related to the consequences of disease, injuries, and other disorders, as well as a framework for health-related information.[2]
According to ICIDH manual, "an impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function". [3]Classification of impairments (I code) reflected:
- abnormalities of body structure (temporary or parmanent)
- appearance or disturbances at the level of the organ or system function resulting from any cause
The following categories of impairments were listed in the manual: intellectual , other psychological, language, aural, ocular, visceral, skeletal, disfiguring, general, sensory and other.[3]
A disability was considered "any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being".[3]Classification of disabilities (D code) reflected:
- individual's functional performance
- activity by the individual
Nine categories of disability included: behaviour, communication, personal care, locomotor, body disposition, dexterity, situational, particular skill, and other activity restrictions.
Handicaps (H code) was defined as "the disadvantages experienced by the individual as a result of impairments and disabilities that limits or prevents the fulf1lment of a role that is normal (depending on age, sex, and social and cultural factors) for that individual".[3]There were two dimensions of handicap listed in the manual: survival role, with six keys dimensions, and other. Six major survival roles included: orientation, physical independence, mobility, occupation, social integration, and economic self-sufficiency.
Coding example based on ICIDH: "Unable to see" could potentially be coded as 9D90.Z (ICD-11), 51 (Impairment code), or 26 (Disability code) as each classifications have different purposes, and it was up to the user to decide which classifications were appropriate.[4] ICD would be chosen to understand the cause of blindness. Classification of impairment would allow facilitation of the grouping of low vision impairments. Disability would help to plan a course of rehabilitation, because it allows to specify the outcome or prognosis of a vision-related disability.[4]
ICIDH-2[edit | edit source]
ICIDH-2 is a new version of ICIDH which was released as alpha version in 1996, followed by beta one and beta two versions tested by WHO in 1997 and in 1999. The biggest changes in ICIDH-2 as compared to the original ICIDH included adding two new dimensions: participation in social activities and a listing of environmental factors which are important for understanding the complexity of disability.[5] a model is needed that goes beyond diagnosed conditions to describe the consequences of those conditions. [4]
WHO-FIC[edit | edit source]
International Classification of Disease (ICD-11)[edit | edit source]
Another member of the “family of classifications” developed, maintained, and disseminated by the World Health Organization is the much older and more widely used International Classification of Diseases (ICD). It was first published in 1893 and is now in its 11th revision.[4]The ICD evolved under that health paradigm, and is useful for classifying existing conditions (morbidity) or causes of death (mortality).
International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)[edit | edit source]
Components of ICF[edit | edit source]
Categories for Each Component[edit | edit source]
Resources[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cieza A, Sabariego C, Bickenbach J, Chatterji S. Rethinking disability. BMC medicine. 2018 Dec;16(1):1-5.
- ↑ Saleeby P. Introduction to Introduction to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Course. Physioplus 2022.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 World Health Organization. International classification of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps: a manual of classification relating to the consequences of disease, published in accordance with resolution WHA29. 35 of the Twenty-ninth World Health Assembly, May 1976. World Health Organization; 1980.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Gray DB, Hendershot GE. The ICIDH-2: developments for a new era of outcomes research. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000 Dec;81(12 Suppl 2):S10-4.
- ↑ Gray DB, Hendershot GE. The ICIDH-2: developments for a new era of outcomes research. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000 Dec;81(12 Suppl 2):S10-4.
